How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence from three developing regions

Exploring Firm-Level Innovation and Productivity in Developing Countries: The Perspective of Caribbean Small States

“…Consistent with a large body of literature (Aterido et al, 2013;Bardasi, Sabarwal, and Terrell, 2011;Bruhn, 2009;Sabarwal and Terrell, 2008), Table 6.5 shows that firms with some female participation defined according to the five alternative gender indicators previously introduced, are significantly smaller than other firms. This finding was also robust when including firm-level variables, even though the point estimates were generally halved.…”

Strategic management decisions in power positions to achieve business excellence in small service businesses: does gender matter?

“…Women lead most of the wholesale agencies, whereas men dominate the touroperators, even though this type represents only a small percentage of the total (8.2%). In this study, as in previous research (Appelbaum et al, 2003;Schein, 2007;Rosener, 1990;Aterido and Hallward-Dreimaier, 2011;Bardasi et al, 2011), female-led companies are younger and smaller, in terms of the number of employees. Moreover, the surveyed women have less professional experience than men: 59.4% of the women interviewed have less than five years of work experience, in contrast to 40.3% of the men.…”

“…In business management, Bardasi et al (2011) argued that men and women take different approaches to lead their business. In line with this, Gaskill et al (1996) found the development of different market strategies between men and women.…”

“…Thus, although female managers might prefer slower growth, this does not mean that the survival rate of their firms will be any lower than for males, as some research has shown (Robb and Watson, 2012;Sabarwal and Terrell, 2008;Watson, 2003). However, it could restrict expenses in investments (Bardasi et al, 2011). Davis et al (2010) reported that gender has a significant indirect effect on growth and profitability, which they attribute to the presence of a market-based approach to business.…”

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“…Nevertheless, the answers to these questions provide information about the female ownership with certainty. In many studies, which use Enterprise Surveys data sets, a firm is considered to be female owned if at least one of the owners is a female (Aterido, Beck & Iacovone, 2011;Bardasi, Sabarwal & Terrell, 2011;Hansen & Rand, 2014).…”