“…Cognitively, but not visually, demanding tasks of phone conversations did not influence visual attention in naturalistic or simulated settings (Farmer et al., ; Kingery et al., , ). Such cognitively distracting tasks did, however, cause young drivers to take incorrect exits (Gaspar et al., ), miss turns (Kass, Cole, & Stanny, ) and mirror checks (Pereira, Hamama, Dapzol, Bruyas, & Simões, ), pause excessively at stop signs (Reimer, Mehler, Coughlin et al., ; Reimer, Mehler, D'Ambrosio et al., ), and proceed through yellow light indicators (Xiong, Narayanaswamy, Bao, Flannagan, & Sayer, ). Conversing on phones slowed driver response time in three studies (Bellinger, Budde, Machida, Richardson, & Berg, ; Horberry, Anderson, Regan, Triggs, & Brown, ; Strayer & Drews, ), but not in a fourth (Narad et al., ).…”