How do crows and parrots come to spontaneously perceive relations-between-relations?

Aa, Smirnova; Obozova, T. A.; Zorina, Z. A.; Wasserman, Edward A.

doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.11.009

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with data on the high level of brain development and cognitive abilities of corvids ( Smirnova et al, 2015 , 2021 ; Emery and Clayton, 2016 ; Güntürkün and Bugnyar, 2016 ; Güntürkün et al, 2017 ). It is important to note that other aspects of consciousness have been previously revealed in them: the capacity to infer mental states in others ( Emery and Clayton, 2001 , 2016 ; Bugnyar and Heinrich, 2005 ; Dally et al, 2006 , 2010 ; Schloegl et al, 2009 ; von Bayern and Emery, 2009 ; Bugnyar et al, 2016 ; Ostojić et al, 2016 , 2017 ), the capacity for self-recognition ( Prior et al, 2008 ; Clary and Kelly, 2016 ; Buniyaadi et al, 2019 ), episodic-like memory for past events ( Clayton and Dickinson, 1998 ; Clayton et al, 2003 ; Clayton and Emery, 2015 ), and episodic-like planning of future events ( Raby et al, 2007 ; Cheke and Clayton, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The results of numerous independent studies using different experimental approaches show that corvids achieve cognitive feats that are comparable to those exhibited by primates ( Smirnova et al, 2015 , 2021 ; Emery, 2016 ; Güntürkün and Bugnyar, 2016 ; Güntürkün et al, 2017 ). Corvids’ remarkable cognitive abilities are based on the high level of their brain complexity ( Emery, 2016 ; Olkowicz et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) May Be Aware of Their Own Body Size

Хватов¹,

Смирнова

Samuleeva

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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Body-awareness is one of the manifestations of self-awareness, expressed in the ability of people and animals to represent their own body physical properties. Relatively little work has been devoted to this phenomenon in comparison with the studies of the ability of self-recognition in the mirror, and most studies have been conducted on mammals and human infants. Crows are known to be “clever” birds, so we investigated whether hooded crows (Corvus cornix) may be aware of their own body size. We set up an experimental design in which the crows had to pass through one of three openings to reach the bait. In the first experiment, we studied whether crows prefer a larger hole if all the three are suitable for passage, and what other predictors influence their choice. In the second experiment, we assessed the ability of the crows to select a single passable hole out of three on the first attempt, even though the area of the former was smaller than that of the other two. The results of the first experiment suggest that when choosing among three passable holes, crows prefer those holes that require less effort from them, e.g., they do not need to crouch or make other additional movements. In the second experiment, three of the five crows reliably more often chose a single passable hole on the first try, despite its smaller size. We believe that these results suggest that hooded crows may be aware of their own body size.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) May Be Aware of Their Own Body Size

Хватов¹,

Смирнова

Samuleeva

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…Each participant completed eight trials of one MTS training task: Identity MTS (Experiment 3A), Color MTS (Experiment 3B), Number MTS (Experiment 3C), or Size MTS (Experiment 3D; see Figure 4) followed by the OMTSvRMTS test task of Experiment 2. While the bases of matching were similar between our MTS tasks and those used by Smirnova et al (2015; i.e., identity, color, or number, size), the stimuli in Experiment 3 differed in many respects from the MTS tasks used by Smirnova et al (2015; see Appendix and Smirnova et al, in press; for detailed descriptions of the stimuli in the respective paradigms). These differences, however, do not affect the hypothesis being tested in Experiment 3—namely that training on simple MTS tasks can increase relational responding on a subsequent RMTS in a population that demonstrably already has abstract representations same and different sufficient for supporting RMTS…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Third, training may have taught birds the logic of matching tasks—that is, that the correct basis of matching is one on which the correct choice card matches the sample and differs from the other choice card—once again focusing them on a search for perfect matches, which in RMTS occur only on the relations same and different. See Smirnova et al (in press) for a convincing argument that this is at least part of the explanation for the success of their training regime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The birds succeeded within the first testing block on these mixed trials. In Smirnova et al (in press), the authors suggest that birds had learned the logic of matching tasks in this training—to identify dimensions on which the choice cards differ and on which the sample matches only one of the choice cards, and furthermore could flexibly shift among different properties that satisfy the logic of matching tasks.…”

Section: Distinguishing Match Computations From Mental Representation...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of inference in relational reasoning: Relational matching as a case study.

Kroupin¹,

Carey²

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Nonhuman animals and preschoolers struggle with Relational-Match-to-Sample (RMTS), a classic test of the capacity for second-order relational, analogical, and reasoning. These failures are often explained by limitations in representational or computational capacities. Drawing on recent evidence for robust spontaneous RMTS success (i.e., without error-feedback) in crows and parrots after minimal second-order training, we present five experiments with human adults consistent with the possibility that population differences sometimes instead derive from differences in inductive biases alone. Experiment 1 confirms human adults have the capacities and requisite representations to succeed spontaneously on RMTS. Experiments 2-5 utilize a modified RMTS task in which adults make relational matches only about half of the time. Experiment 3 tests whether eight trials of various MTS tasks, nonsecond-order training featured in the aforementioned comparative studies, can increase spontaneous second-order relational responding in human adults. Two of the MTS tasks (Number, Size MTS) do so, demonstrating that MTS training can, in fact, increase relational responding by changing inductive biases alone. The other MTS tasks (Identity, Color MTS) do not do so, evidence that the facilitating effect is not a result of matching involved in MTS per se. Experiments 4 and 5 test one hypothesized mechanism by which specifically Number/Size MTS tasks may have led to increased relational responding, that is, by inhibiting preexisting biases to match on shape and/or color, making relational matches relatively more likely. We close by discussing the importance of research into inductive biases to the project of understanding relational reasoning.

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Same/Different Concept: An Embodied Spiking Neural Model in a Learning Context

Cyr

Thériault

2022

From Animals to Animats 16

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How do crows and parrots come to spontaneously perceive relations-between-relations?

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) May Be Aware of Their Own Body Size

Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) May Be Aware of Their Own Body Size

The importance of inference in relational reasoning: Relational matching as a case study.

Same/Different Concept: An Embodied Spiking Neural Model in a Learning Context

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