How do child sexual abuse live streaming offenders access victims?

Napier, Sarah; Teunissen, Coen

doi:10.52922/ti78474

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…It is important to note that most of the data in the victim and offender categories are based on cases from the Philippines. Further, four of the empirical studies are interrelated (Brown et al, 2020; Cubitt et al, 2021: Napier et al, 2021a, 2021b). For a summary of the most critical findings, see Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These people related to the child either facilitate or participate in the abuse. The facilitator was often found to be a relative of the victim, most commonly their mother or sister (Napier et al, 2021b). Due to this type of family involvement, the child is not necessarily physically forced to participate, but simply obeys the parent or is manipulated into participating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not all cases have a facilitator, for example when the abuse is self-generated. Furthermore, the facilitator can also be the offender (Napier et al, 2021b). These differences in terminology make it challenging to compare the data.…”

Section: Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Convicted offenders of CSEM have been found to use well-established technologies rather than being early adopters of new tools (Steel et al, 2020). Less is known about the facilitator, other than that most of them were family members, female and some had experienced abuse themselves (Napier et al, 2021b). Therefore, more research is needed on both the offender and the facilitator.…”

Section: Victims and Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Livestreaming Technology and Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse: A Scoping Review

Drejer

Riegler

Halvorsen

et al. 2023

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Livestreaming of child sexual abuse (LSCSA) is an established form of online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA). However, only a limited body of research has examined this issue. The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated internet use and user knowledge of livestreaming services emphasizing the importance of understanding this crime. In this scoping review, existing literature was brought together through an iterative search of eight databases containing peer-reviewed journal articles, as well as grey literature. Records were eligible for inclusion if the primary focus was on livestream technology and OCSEA, the child being defined as eighteen years or younger. Fourteen of the 2,218 records were selected. The data were charted and divided into four categories: victims, offenders, legislation, and technology. Limited research, differences in terminology, study design, and population inclusion criteria present a challenge to drawing general conclusions on the current state of LSCSA. The records show that victims are predominantly female. The average livestream offender was found to be older than the average online child sexual abuse offender. Therefore, it is unclear whether the findings are representative of the global population of livestream offenders. Furthermore, there appears to be a gap in what the records show on platforms and payment services used and current digital trends. The lack of a legal definition and privacy considerations pose a challenge to investigation, detection, and prosecution. The available data allow some insights into a potentially much larger issue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Victims and Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Livestreaming Technology and Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse: A Scoping Review

Drejer

Riegler

Halvorsen

et al. 2023

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CSA live streaming is distinct from other child sexual abuse material shared on the internet largely due to the offense occurring in “real time.” Offenders often request the type of abuse either before or during the live-streaming session (Açar, 2017; ECPAT International, 2018; Europol, 2019; GACSAO, 2016; Napier et al, 2021). Research featuring interviews with Child sexual abuse material ( CSAM) investigators noted the challenges for law enforcement investigations, as live streaming leaves no visual evidence of the abuse apart from session logs and data usage.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Offline Criminal Behavior of Individuals Who Live Stream Child Sexual Abuse

Cubitt

Napier

Brown

2022

J Interpers Violence

Self Cite

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Live streaming of child sexual abuse (CSA) involves the procurement and viewing of sexual abuse of children across the internet in real time, in exchange for money. These offenses leave little tangible evidence of the offense beyond a financial transaction, and metadata relating to the live-streaming session. This research analyzed the demographic, criminal history, and financial transaction characteristics of 209 individuals who live streamed child sexual abuse. A machine learning clustering technique was implemented to consider whether there were sub-groups present among these offenders, and in particular the prevalence of contact sexual offending among any detected sub-groups. Findings revealed that offenders tend to engage in live streaming around the same age, before making regular transactions with facilitators at brief intervals, with the majority of offenders featuring limited criminal history. This analysis identified a notable sub-group of live-streaming offenders that also engaged in contact sexual offending. This is the first study to empirically demonstrate an intersection between live streaming of CSA, and contact sexual offenses against children and adults. This research highlighted the importance of financial transactions data in detecting, and disrupting this crime type. Further, the identification of an intersection between live-streaming CSA offenders, and contact sexual offenders suggests that these individuals may pose a risk to both local and international communities.

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“It’s Like POOF and It’s Gone”: The Live-Streaming of Child Sexual Abuse

Christensen,

Woods

2024

Sexuality & Culture

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The live-streaming of child sexual abuse is an established, and prolific, form of abuse, with high international demand. It involves transmitting the sexual abuse of children in ‘real time’ via a webcam to individuals in any geographical location. Despite it being identified as a global key threat in the area of child sexual exploitation, there is a dearth of literature on this type of offending, limiting our understanding. Until further research is conducted, the current paper fills an important purpose by offering a stop gap of current research on the live-streaming of child sexual abuse. In particular, it draws from a breadth of literature to offer a synthesis of where geographically CSA live-streaming appears to mostly occur; the technological and legal barriers in detecting and prosecuting the behavior; what we know about viewers; what we know about facilitators; and the victims of CSA live-streaming and the impact of the abuse on them. In doing so, this paper offers critical knowledge for research, policy, and practice professionals across psychology, criminology, and law disciplines, who are interested in understanding, preventing, and responding to this form of sexual offending against children.

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How do child sexual abuse live streaming offenders access victims?

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Livestreaming Technology and Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse: A Scoping Review

Livestreaming Technology and Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse: A Scoping Review

Understanding the Offline Criminal Behavior of Individuals Who Live Stream Child Sexual Abuse

“It’s Like POOF and It’s Gone”: The Live-Streaming of Child Sexual Abuse

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