How Do Brazilian Fires Affect Air Pollution and Public Health?

Marlier, Miriam E.; Bonilla, Eimy X.; Mickley, Loretta J.

doi:10.1029/2020gh000331

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…(3,20) As projeções climáticas regionais sugerem que os regimes de fogo na Amazônia irão se intensificar, afetando a qualidade do ar externo e interno em comunidades rurais e urbanas. (13,15,20,21)…”

Section: Queimadas Ou Incêndios Florestais?unclassified

“…(55) Estudos ecológicos recentes sugerem uma ligação entre a exposição a altos níveis de MP 2,5 e o aumento da mortalidade por COVID-19, (56) embora as influências de outros fatores, como densidade populacional, fatores socioeconômicos e cumprimento das medidas de distanciamento social, também devam ser consideradas. (21,57) As populações mais vulneráveis à exposição à fumaça de incêndios florestais também são suscetíveis à infecção por SARS-CoV-2. A exposição à fumaça de incêndios florestais também pode aumentar a probabilidade de infecção por SARS-CoV-2, bem como a gravidade da COVID-19.…”

Section: Incêndios E Covid-19unclassified

“…Assim, destacamos que a potencial relação entre a exposição ao MP 2,5 e a COVID-19 tem especial relevância para a saúde pública no Brasil, onde as taxas de infecção e mortalidade estão entre as mais altas do mundo, (62) especialmente em populações vulneráveis que podem estar altamente expostas (por exemplo, povos indígenas, cujas taxas de mortalidade por COVID-19 são quase o dobro da média brasileira). (21) Manaus, a capital do estado do Amazonas, foi uma das cidades brasileiras mais afetadas pela pandemia de COVID-19. Um estudo anterior de detecção de anticorpos séricos indicou que 76% da população de Manaus havia sido infectada por SARS-CoV-2 até outubro de 2020, percentual superior ao estimado para chegar à imunidade coletiva (67%).…”

Section: Incêndios E Covid-19unclassified

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Impact of exposure to smoke from biomass burning in the Amazon rain forest on human health

et al. 2021

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This review study aimed to determine the relationship between exposure to smoke from biomass burning in the Amazon rain forest and its implications on human health in that region in Brazil. A nonsystematic review was carried out by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, and EMBASE databases for articles published between 2005 and 2021, either in Portuguese or in English, using the search terms "biomass burning" OR "Amazon" OR "burned" AND "human health." The review showed that the negative health effects of exposure to smoke from biomass burning in the Amazon have been poorly studied in that region. There is an urgent need to identify effective public health interventions that can help improve the behavior of vulnerable populations exposed to smoke from biomass burning, reducing morbidity and mortality related to that exposure.

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Section: Queimadas Ou Incêndios Florestais?unclassified

Section: Incêndios E Covid-19unclassified

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Impact of exposure to smoke from biomass burning in the Amazon rain forest on human health

et al. 2021

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“…Fire activities in the Amazon region occur mainly during the dry season (August to November). 9 However, a study from 2016 found that the duration of the dry season is lengthening; 10 For the Instituto Nacional de Persquisas Espaciais see http://www.inpe.br/queimadas extreme hydrological events (ie, frequent drought in 2005, 2010, and 2015 11 ) might also increase the frequency and severity of wildfires in the Amazon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and burden of hospital admissions associated with wildfire-related PM2·5 in Brazil, 2000–15: a nationwide time-series study

Lee

Chen

et al. 2021

The Lancet Planetary Health

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Background In the context of climate change and deforestation, Brazil is facing more frequent and unprecedented wildfires. Wildfire-related PM 2•5 is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes; however, the magnitude of these associations in the Brazilian context is unclear. We aimed to estimate the association between daily exposure to wildfire-related PM 2•5 and cause-specific hospital admission and attributable health burden in the Brazilian population using a nationwide dataset from 2000 to 2015.Methods In this nationwide time-series analysis, data for daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory hospital admissions were collected through the Brazilian Unified Health System from 1814 municipalities in Brazil between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2015. Daily concentrations of wildfire-related PM 2•5 were estimated using the 3D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem at a 2•0° latitude by 2•5° longitude resolution. A time-series analysis was fitted using quasi-Poisson regression to quantify municipality-specific effect estimates, which were then pooled at the regional and national levels using random-effects meta-analyses. Analyses were stratified by sex and ten age groups. The attributable fraction and attributable cases of hospital admissions due to wildfire-related PM 2•5 were also calculated. FindingsAt the national level, a 10 μg/m³ increase in wildfire-related PM 2•5 was associated with a 1•65% (95% CI 1•51-1•80) increase in all-cause hospital admissions, a 5•09% (4•73-5•44) increase in respiratory hospital admissions, and a 1•10% (0•78-1•42) increase in cardiovascular hospital admissions, over 0-1 days after the exposure. The effect estimates for all-cause hospital admission did not vary by sex, but were particularly high in children aged 4 years or younger (4•88% [95% CI 4•47-5•28]), children aged 5-9 years (2•33% [1•77-2•90]), and people aged 80 years and older (3•70% [3•20-4•20]) compared with other age groups. We estimated that 0•53% (95% CI 0•48-0•58) of allcause hospital admissions were attributable to wildfire-related PM 2•5 , corresponding to 35 cases (95% CI 32-38) per 100 000 residents annually. The attributable rate was greatest for municipalities in the north, south, and centralwest regions, and lowest in the northeast region. Results were consistent for all-cause and respiratory diseases across regions, but remained inconsistent for cardiovascular diseases.Interpretation Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM 2•5 was associated with increased risks of all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular hospital admissions, particularly among children (0-9 years) and older people (≥80 years). Greater attention should be paid to reducing exposure to wildfire smoke, particularly for the most susceptible populations.

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“…To Johns Hopkins University [19], the possible relation between contact with PM2.5 and COVID-19 has special significance for public health in Brazil, where incidence and mortality rates are among the highest worldwide. People settled in the North Brazilian region, especially vulnerable communities, are particularly affected by high exposure; for instance, the mortality rate from COVID-19 among indigenous people is above the Brazilian average [20]. Moreover, there is evidence that the reported number of COVID-19 victims among the indigenous population are underestimated [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Daboin

Bezerra

Morais

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Amazonas suffered greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality and fatality rates soared and scarcity of oxygen and healthcare supplies led the health system and funerary services to collapse. Thus, we analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and lethality indicators of COVID-19 and the dynamics of their main determinants in the state of Amazonas from March 2020 to June 2021. This is a time-series ecological study. We calculated the lethality, mortality, and incidence rates with official and public data from the Health Department. We used the Prais–Winsten regression and trends were classified as stationary, increasing, or decreasing. The effective reproduction number (Rt) was also estimated. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. We extracted 396,772 cases of and 13,420 deaths from COVID-19; 66% of deaths were in people aged over 60; 57% were men. Cardiovascular diseases were the most common comorbidity (28.84%), followed by diabetes (25.35%). Rural areas reported 53% of the total cases and 31% of the total deaths. The impact of COVID-19 in the Amazon is not limited to the direct effects of the pandemic itself; it may present characteristics of a syndemic due to the interaction of COVID-19 with pre-existing illnesses, endemic diseases, and social vulnerabilities.

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How Do Brazilian Fires Affect Air Pollution and Public Health?

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of exposure to smoke from biomass burning in the Amazon rain forest on human health

Impact of exposure to smoke from biomass burning in the Amazon rain forest on human health

Risk and burden of hospital admissions associated with wildfire-related PM2·5 in Brazil, 2000–15: a nationwide time-series study

Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

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