How distinctive are morningness and eveningness from the Big Five factors of personality? A meta-analytic investigation.

Abstract

This study explores relations between measures of individuals' circadian preferences and the Big Five. To this end, we compared a model of circadian preferences that acknowledges morningness (M) and eveningness (E) as separate dimensions to that of a model that places M and E on a single continuum (M-E). Analyses of 620 correlations from 44 independent samples (N = 16,647) revealed weak to modest relations between both dimensions of circadian preferences and the Big Five personality traits. The strongest observed relation was found between Conscientiousness and M (ρ = .37). In the next step, regression analyses revealed that personality traits accounted for between 10.9% and 16.4% of the variance in circadian preferences. Of all the Big Five dimensions, Conscientiousness exhibited the strongest unique relation with M (β = .32), E (β = -.26), and M-E (β = .32). Extraversion and Openness exhibited moderate unique relations with E (β = .23 and β = .17, respectively), whereas relations with M (β = .00 and β = .04), and M-E (β = -.05 and β = -.06) were relatively weak. Neuroticism exhibited a modest unique and negative relation with M (β = -.16), and Agreeableness was largely unrelated to all circadian preference variables. To determine whether these findings translated into anything of applied significance, we explored relations between circadian preference and academic performance. M and E incremented slightly over the Big Five factors in predicting grade-point average. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Exploring determinants of behavioral chronotype in a diurnal-rodent model of human physiology

“…Our tests had good test-retest consistency, but the lack of correlation with chronotype could have many reasons, including the validity of our tests as measures of putative personality traits. We note that a recent meta-analysis of the human literature on personality and chronotype revealed that conscientiousness is the only 1 of the 5 personality traits that correlates significantly with chronotype, with a modest r = 0.29 [90]. Although we found no significant correlation between chronotype and the 3 behavioral traits that we tested, we did find a marginal correlation between our estimates of openness and neuroticism (r = −0.25).…”

To Challenge the Morning Lark and the Night Owl: Using Smartphone Sensing Data to Investigate Day–Night Behaviour Patterns

“…The term ‘circadian typology’ is often used synonymously and shows the emphasis on the categorization of chronotypes in this research tradition (e.g. Adan et al., 2012; Lipnevich et al., 2017). In comparison, Roenneberg et al.…”

“…For example, the morningness preference has been linked to personality. Higher values in this dimension indicate a preference for getting up and going to bed early, feeling fit in the morning, and achieving peak performance earlier in the day (Lipnevich et al., 2017). The most established findings in meta‐analyses are that conscientiousness and agreeableness are positively related to morningness (Tsaousis, 2010; Lipnevich et al., 2017).…”

“…Higher values in this dimension indicate a preference for getting up and going to bed early, feeling fit in the morning, and achieving peak performance earlier in the day (Lipnevich et al., 2017). The most established findings in meta‐analyses are that conscientiousness and agreeableness are positively related to morningness (Tsaousis, 2010; Lipnevich et al., 2017). No or only small relationships in a specified direction can be found for neuroticism and openness (Adan et al., 2012; Tsaousis, 2010; Lipnevich et al., 2017).…”

“…The most established findings in meta‐analyses are that conscientiousness and agreeableness are positively related to morningness (Tsaousis, 2010; Lipnevich et al., 2017). No or only small relationships in a specified direction can be found for neuroticism and openness (Adan et al., 2012; Tsaousis, 2010; Lipnevich et al., 2017). Negative relationships between morningness and extraversion were found, but only if the trait extraversion was described with Eysenck's three‐factor model (Adan et al., 2012; Tsaousis, 2010).…”