How CT happened: the early development of medical computed tomography

Schulz, Raymond; Stein, J. A.; Pelc, Norbert J.

doi:10.1117/1.jmi.8.5.052110

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Were research efforts like these in academia needed? However, it should be appreciated that in 1972, when the project to build the MGH Transverse Section X‐ray Camera began, the EMI head scanner had just been introduced and the major imaging companies were not involved in CT (at least publicly) 9 . In that context, the research to build a fast whole‐body CT scanner was highly innovative and worthwhile.…”

Section: Concluding Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early CT physics research at Massachusetts General Hospital

Pelc

Chesler²

2023

Medical Physics

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Section: Concluding Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early CT physics research at Massachusetts General Hospital

Pelc

Chesler²

2023

Medical Physics

Self Cite

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“…Although several earlier CT scanners had two detector rows, starting with the first CT scanner in 1971, 1 and followed by a two-row scanner introduced in 1992 (Elscint CT Twin), it is generally agreed that the multi-slice scanners that significantly impacted the clinical practice were introduced in 1998 when the four-row detector systems became clinically available. Since then, the number of detector rows increased quickly from 4 to 8, 16, 32, and 64.…”

Section: Multi-slice Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For historical events linked to the early days of CT development, a companion paper in the same issue provides an excellent review. 1 In addition, this paper focuses primarily on the major hardware or system developments in CT. Other innovations that contributed to the CT development, such as advanced image reconstruction techniques, are covered by another companion paper and will be omitted here. 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography recent history and future perspectives

Hsieh¹,

Flohr

2021

J. Med. Imag.

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Purpose: We provide a review of the key computed tomography (CT) technologies developed since the late 1980s and offer an overview of one of the future technologies under development. The focus of this review is mainly on the hardware and system development. The topics on the historical event linked to the early days of CT development and other innovations that contributed to the CT development, such as advanced image reconstruction techniques, are covered by companion papers in this special issue.Approach: The review is divided into five major sections, each linked to a key innovation in CT: helical spiral data acquisition, multi-slice CT, wide-cone CT, dual-source CT, and spectral CT. Given the limited scope of this review, only one of the future technologies, photon-counting CT, is discussed in detail. Whenever possible, both theory of operation and clinical examples are provided.Results: Theoretical analyses, phantom results, and clinical examples clearly demonstrate the efficacy and clinical relevancy of five historical technology developments and one future technology in CT. These technologies have improved and will continue to improve CT performance in terms of isotropic volume coverage, improved temporal resolution, and material differentiation and characterization capabilities.Conclusions: Over the past 30 years, technological developments of CT have contributed to the success of CT in many clinical applications such as trauma, oncology, cardiac imaging, and stroke. Advanced clinical applications have and will continue to demand more advanced technology development.

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“…Computed tomography (CT) has come a long way since its introduction in 1972 and it has revolutionized diagnostic radiology [ 1 ]. CT is a noninvasive imaging modality that creates cross-sectional and three-dimensional (3D) images of the internal anatomical structures of the body, leading to improved diagnosis, and in turn, saving many lives [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Exposure and Lifetime Attributable Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality from Low- and Standard-Dose CT Chest: Implications for COVID-19 Pneumonia Subjects

et al. 2022

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Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, there has been an unprecedented increase in the acquisition of chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Nearly 616 million people have been infected by COVID-19 worldwide to date, of whom many were subjected to CT scanning. CT exposes the patients to hazardous ionizing radiation, which can damage the genetic material in the cells, leading to stochastic health effects in the form of heritable genetic mutations and increased cancer risk. These probabilistic, long-term carcinogenic effects of radiation can be seen over a lifetime and may sometimes take several decades to manifest. This review briefly describes what is known about the health effects of radiation, the lowest dose for which there exists compelling evidence about increased radiation-induced cancer risk and the evidence regarding this risk at typical CT doses. The lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer from low- and standard-dose chest CT scans performed in COVID-19 subjects is also discussed along with the projected number of future cancers that could be related to chest CT scans performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The LAR of cancer Incidence from chest CT has also been compared with those from other radiation sources, daily life risks and lifetime baseline risk.

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How CT happened: the early development of medical computed tomography

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Early CT physics research at Massachusetts General Hospital

Early CT physics research at Massachusetts General Hospital

Computed tomography recent history and future perspectives

Radiation Exposure and Lifetime Attributable Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality from Low- and Standard-Dose CT Chest: Implications for COVID-19 Pneumonia Subjects

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