How corrupted cultures lead to abuse of restraint interventions

Paterson, Brodie; Wilkinson, Darren J.; Leadbetter, David; Bradley, Patrick; Bowie, Vaughan; Martin, Alan

doi:10.7748/ldp2011.09.14.7.24.c8699

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Staff is able to dictate and impose restrictions on the movements and activities of the youth (Laing 1974); and, the youth lose autonomy, self-determination, and independence (Du Plessis 2013). Power differences can cause dehumanization of youth (Lammers and Stapel 2011), and the needs to take youth into consideration diminishes, which in turn increases the likelihood of imposed restrictions and punishment (Haque and Waytz 2012;Lammers and Stapel 2011;Paterson and Duxbury 2007;Paterson 2011;Zimbardo 2007). The combination of power and dehumanized youth greatly reinforces the level of punitiveness by staff (Bandura 2002;Shermer 2015).…”

Section: Humanizing Punishment and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the use of coercion may weaken the therapeutic alliance between staff and youth (Prinsen and Van Delden 2009;Roest et al 2016;Steckley and Kendrick 2008). Some researchers even posit that coercion is used primarily for staff convenience, and that there is no therapeutic effect (Busch and Shore 2000;Paterson 2011). Physical restraint has even been a frequent feature of practices referred to as holding therapy (Mercer 2013) or supermax prisons (Haney 2006;Rhodes 2007).…”

Section: Coercionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repeated exposure to aggression and violence, including involvement in coercive measures, can cause a range of symptoms in staff, including emotional numbing, burn-out, hyperarousal, and hypervigilance (Hastings 2005;Lambert et al 2015;Paterson 2011). Enduring stress can cause a decrease in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (Popma and Raine 2006), resulting in reduced fear conditioning, greed, and antisocial behavior (Raine 2013).…”

Section: Intrapersonal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repression in Residential Youth Care: A Scoping Review

et al. 2016

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Residential youth care settings should provide youth with safe environments where they are supported and treated. However, there are aspects of residential youth care that threaten its effectiveness, and which may also violate children's rights. Staff members exercise power over the youth, which can be abused to coerce, punish, or limit the autonomy of youth. Currently, the harmful behavior of staff includes repression through such acts as harsh and unfair control, punishment, and lack of autonomy granting. However, research on the exact nature of repression is lacking, which hampers empirical research on repression in residential youth care, and makes it difficult for residential settings to recognize repression and take the right corrective measures. A scoping review of the available literature is conducted from a humanistic, social psychological, and organizational perspective to examine the nature of repression and to provide a valid definition and its antecedents. This article offers implications for preventing, recognizing, and diminishing repression in residential youth care.

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Section: Humanizing Punishment and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coercionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrapersonal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repression in Residential Youth Care: A Scoping Review

et al. 2016

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“…Although factors contributing to the abuse at Winterbourne View are complex and systemic, frequent use of restraint has been linked to staff stress caused by work related issues (Paterson et al . ). There is evidence that mindfulness is effective in reducing psychological distress for staff working with people with intellectual disabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is particularly relevant in the light of the recent Winterbourne View abuse scandal of 2011, which identified frequent use of inappropriate restraint (Care Quality Commission 2011). Although factors contributing to the abuse at Winterbourne View are complex and systemic, frequent use of restraint has been linked to staff stress caused by work related issues (Paterson et al 2011). There is evidence that mindfulness is effective in reducing psychological distress for staff working with people with intellectual disabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thematic analysis of the effectiveness of an inpatient mindfulness group for adults with intellectual disabilities

Yildiran

Holt

2014

Brit J Learn Disabil

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Accessible summary Mindfulness helps people focus instead of worrying about the past or future. We talked to six people who took part in a mindfulness group. They all had intellectual disabilities and were in hospital for mental health problems. They told us the group helped, and we hope that mindfulness can help other people too. Summary The study focused on the effectiveness of group mindfulness for people with intellectual disabilities in an assessment and treatment unit. Six participants with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. The interviews focused on identifying the benefits and difficulties of using mindfulness. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified which were categorised into interpersonal (‘helping people’) and intrapersonal (‘focusing on one particular thing’; ‘improving skills’; get rid of all nasty bad stuff you want to get rid of’) benefits. The theme ‘bit too late to teach old dog new tricks’ captured the difficulties encountered. The themes highlighted that people with intellectual disabilities were able to form an understanding of mindfulness and were able to benefit from the intervention.

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Physical restraints in nursing homes: A qualitative study with multiple stakeholders

Minguell,

Gassó,

Martin‐Fumadó

et al. 2024

Nursing Open

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AimThis study aims to understand the perceptions regarding physical restraints of the elder‐care professional's stakeholders.DesignA qualitative methodology was employed.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a convenient sample of 19 participants, which included nursing homes' managers, nurses and physicians; law, ethics, quality or patient rights' protection experts in care and public servers with responsibilities in the field. The data were collected, recorded and verbatim transcribed. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data.ResultsThree main themes emerged: the use of restraints, organizational issues and regulation. Although professionals involved in nursing care agree that improvements have been made, they highlight the negative impact of restraints and the need for a change in culture about their use. Yet, they have concerns about the ‘zero restraints’ feasibility, with divergent views on the need for a stronger regulatory framework.

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How corrupted cultures lead to abuse of restraint interventions

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Repression in Residential Youth Care: A Scoping Review

Repression in Residential Youth Care: A Scoping Review

Thematic analysis of the effectiveness of an inpatient mindfulness group for adults with intellectual disabilities

Physical restraints in nursing homes: A qualitative study with multiple stakeholders

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