How can WHO transform its approach to social determinants of health?

Gopinathan, Unni; Buse, Kent

doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-066172

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Stulberg et al 's [15 ▪ ] study assessing the morbidity and mortality rate between ethnic groups found significantly increased adverse outcomes in all nonwhite women and found that in the cohort of the women who died, black women accounted for more than 50%. The literature also confirms poorer morbidity outcomes in nonwhite women, including a higher risk of hemoperitoneum, increased risk of requiring a blood transfusion and extended hospital stay compared with white women [1,13 ▪ ,15 ▪ ].…”

Section: Ectopic Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Over the last three decades, an increasingly compelling body of evidence shows that a person's health is determined by their broader environmental and social context. Recently the WHO, Social Scientists and Epidemiologists have focused on a growing range of social variables such as social and economic status, race/ethnicity, gender immigration status, and aggregate characteristic of social environments as antecedents to health [1][2][3][4], known in the literature as (social) determinants of health [5,6 && ] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Social Determinants Of Health and Health Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial disparities in early pregnancy: a narrative review

Mogekwu

Kapoor

Carmichael

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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Purpose of review This review introduces the recognized body of evidence on social determinants of health, which continue to show that a person's health is determined by their broader environmental and social context and that societal inequities harm health and healthcare outcomes. An area of inequity is race, which, although a social construct, has a significant impact on a person's morbidity and mortality as well as their access and experience of healthcare. Racial disparities in maternal and perinatal outcomes are widely recognized. Therefore, this review focuses on the less commonly addressed early pregnancy setting. Recent findings Health inequities are present in the early pregnancy setting, as racial disparities exist in early pregnancy presentations and outcomes. Black women have a higher incidence of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and poorer survival rates from gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Asian women have a statistically significantly higher incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease. Summary The findings support the need for more consistent and detailed research on the impact of race on early pregnancy outcomes and increasing ethnic diversity among study populations for trials to ensure meaningful and applicable data. Raising awareness of this racial health inequity in early pregnancy is the first step clinicians can take to tackle this issue.

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Section: Ectopic Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Social Determinants Of Health and Health Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial disparities in early pregnancy: a narrative review

Mogekwu

Kapoor

Carmichael

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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“…The right policies to improve the accessibility, equity and quality of education can significantly improve the quality of life and contribute to better health. Educated people have more opportunities to get a job, make better money, access health information and better manage their health (Gopinathan, Buse, 2022;Zajacova, Lawrence, 2018;Karas Montez, Hayward, Zajacova, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Public Policy in Ensuring Public Health

Peresypkina,

Nesterenko

2023

SJPU

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A healthy population is the key to the long-term development and existence of any state. Therefore, one of the important tasks of the state is the development and implementation of relevant policies aimed at maintaining and strengthening the health of all segments of the population. The purpose of this study was to determine the role, influence and instruments of public policy for the preservation and promotion of public health. During the study, a retrospective analysis of the literature data, as well as the legal framework of Ukraine in the field of maintaining the health of the population, was performed. Adequate policies that may have an impact on the health of the population are implemented through ensuring the population's access to medical care; social protection measures; education and through economic aspects. The mechanism for implementing policies to ensure public health includes institutions and organizations that form the policy and interaction of all participants to implement policies, as well as regulatory and legal documents through which these initiatives are actually implemented. Today Ukraine is in difficult social and economic conditions. There is a negative trend in the health of the population. However, despite this, Ukraine implements policies to preserve and improve the health of the population by joining the global process of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the system of public health”, which is aimed at protecting and strengthening the health of the population, preventing diseases, improving the quality and increasing life expectancy, ensuring the sanitary and epidemic well-being of the population; development of regulatory documents on priority areas for the development of the healthcare sector for the period up to 2025.

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“…An analysis of strategic challenges in road traffic injury where WHO has been coordinating efforts with much success for decades, identified the need for designated global lead agency to increase accountability for achieving national targets and action 59. Constraints to WHO leadership in MSA, including a lack of convening power for non-health sectors, are well known in other fields 60. Determining who leads, whether health or non-health, may be less important than ensuring that relevant sectors are well resourced and at the table.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying opportunities for multisectoral action for drowning prevention: a scoping review

Scarr

Jagnoor

2022

Inj Prev

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BackgroundDrowning is a complex health issue, where global agendas call for greater emphasis on multisectoral action, and engagement with sectors not yet involved in prevention efforts. Here, we explored the conceptual boundaries of drowning prevention in peer-review and grey literature, by reviewing the contexts, interventions, terminologies, concepts, planning models, and sector involvement, to identify opportunities for multisectoral action.MethodsWe applied scoping review method and have reported against Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. We searched four electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles published on 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2020 and five databases for grey literature published on 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020. We applied the search term “drowning,” and charted data addressing our research questions.ResultsWe included 737 peer-reviewed articles and 68 grey documents. Peer-publications reported situational assessments (n=478, 64.86%) and intervention research (n=259, 35.14%). Drowning was reported in the context of injury (n=157, 21.30%), commonly in childhood injury (n=72, 9.77%), mortality studies (n=60, 8.14%) and in grey documents addressing adolescent, child, environmental, occupational and urban health, refugee and migrant safety and disaster. Intervention research was mapped to World Health Organization recommended actions. The leading sectors in interventions were health, leisure, education and emergency services.ConclusionAlthough drowning is often described as a major health issue, the sectors and stakeholders involved are multifarious. The interventions are more often initiated by non-health sectors, meaning multisectoral action is critical. Framing drowning prevention to reinforce cobenefits for other health and development agendas could strengthen multisectoral action. Greater investment in partnerships with non-health sectors, encouraging joint planning and implementation, and creating systems for increased accountability should be a priority in future years.

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How can WHO transform its approach to social determinants of health?

Abstract: WHO has a pivotal role in reducing health inequities but faces five fundamental constraints to progress, argue Unni Gopinathan and Kent Buse

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Racial disparities in early pregnancy: a narrative review

Racial disparities in early pregnancy: a narrative review

The Role of Public Policy in Ensuring Public Health

Identifying opportunities for multisectoral action for drowning prevention: a scoping review

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