“…Typically, air heating in decentralised façade devices is limited to the use of an aluminium or ceramic accumulation exchanger [139,140], which heats the supply air from the Typically, air heating in decentralised façade devices is limited to the use of an aluminium or ceramic accumulation exchanger [139,140], which heats the supply air from the exhaust air stream. Choi et al [141], investigating decentralised façade units, found that in the case of changing the bidirectional mode, the demand for heating and cooling energy is lower by approximately 20% compared to the simulation of the simultaneous supply and exhaust mode. At the same time, it should be noted that the systems mounted in the façade have lower pressure losses, are easily installed, and require no maintenance.…”