How can we model subsurface stormflow at the catchment scale if we cannot measure it?

Chifflard, Peter; Blume, Theresa; Maerker, Katja; Hopp, Luisa; Meerveld, Ilja van; Graef, Thomas; Gronz, Oliver; Hartmann, Andreas; Köhl, Bernhard; Martini, Edoardo; Reinhardt‐Imjela, Christian; Reiss, Martin; Rinderer, Michael; Achleitner, Stefan

doi:10.1002/hyp.13407

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Ongoing multi‐institution comparison and validation efforts have enabled increased understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these modelling systems (e.g., WaterMIP, Haddeland et al, ; Prudhomme et al, ). However, models are still fundamentally limited in their representation of many key hydrological processes, such as lateral re‐distribution by hillslope processes (Chifflard et al, ) or by the absence of many important landscape heterogeneities (Hartmann, Gleeson, Wada, & Wagener, ). Critically, hydrological models generally do not consider anthropogenic (i.e., land‐use) impacts on the hydrological cycle.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunities In Large‐scale Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond the catchment scale: Value and opportunities in large‐scale hydrology to understand our changing world

Kingston

Massei

Dieppois

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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Hydrological research is often focused at the catchment scale; but there are significant benefits of taking a broader spatial perspective (i.e., comparative hydrology) to advance the understanding of hydrological processes, especially in the context of global change. Indeed, many of the recently described "unsolved problems in hydrology" (Blöschl et al., 2019) refer to either global-scale processes (e.g., climate change), the hydrology of major physiographic zones (e.g., semi-arid or snowmelt regions) or require extensive comparisons across catchments. Moving beyond the catchment-scale frequently provides more holistic insights

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Section: Challenges and Opportunities In Large‐scale Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond the catchment scale: Value and opportunities in large‐scale hydrology to understand our changing world

Kingston

Massei

Dieppois

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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“…This could be the case for the humid mountainous profiles presented in figure 4. On the other hand, we find non-sequential reactions at other profiles, indicating a rather heterogeneous soil structure (Demand et al 2019) with preferential flow path that can lead 15 to rapid recharge dynamics (Ries et al 2015) and quick discharge reactions (Chifflard et al 2019) during heavy rainfall events.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

Berthelin¹,

Rinderer²,

Andreo³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Karst systems that are characterized by a high subsurface heterogeneity are posing a challenge to study their complex recharge processes. Experimental methods to study karst processes mostly focus on characterizing the entire aquifer. Despite their important role for recharge processes, the limited focus has been given on studies of the soil and epikarst and most available research has been performed at sites of similar latitudes. In our study, we describe a new monitoring concept that allows the improvement of soil and epikarst processes understanding by covering different karst systems with different land cover at different climate regions. First, we describe the site selection and the experimental setup. Then we describe the five individual sites and their soil profiles. We also present some preliminary data and highlight the potential of the data for future research aimed at answering the relevant research questions: (1) How do the soil and epikarst heterogeneities influence water flow and storage processes in the karst vadose zone? (2) What is the impact of the land cover type on karstic groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration? (3) What is the impact of climate on karstic groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration? In order to answer these questions, we monitor soil moisture, which controls the partitioning of rainfall into infiltration, soil water storage, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge processes. We installed a soil moisture-monitoring network at five different climate regions: in Puerto Rico (tropical), Spain (Mediterranean), the United Kingdom (humid oceanic), Germany (humid mountainous), and Australia (dry semi-arid). At each of the five sites, we defined two 20 m × 20 m plots to install soil moisture probes under different land use types (forest and grassland). At each plot, 15 soil moisture profiles were installed with probes at different depths from the top soil to the epikarst (over 400 soil moisture probes were installed). Our first results show that the monitoring network provides new insights into the soil moisture dynamics of the five study sites and that significant differences prevail among forest and grassland sites. Some profiles are characterized by sequential reactions of soil moisture, i.e., the uppermost probe reacts first and the lowest probe reacts last, while at other profiles, we find non-sequential reactions that we interpret to result from preferential flow processes. While the former favours storage in the soil providing water for evapotranspiration, the latter can be seen as an indicator for the initiation of fast and preferential recharge into the karst system. Covering the spatiotemporal variability of these processes through a large number of installed probes, our monitoring network will allow to develop a new conceptual understanding of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge processes in karst regions across different climate regions and land use types, and provide the base for quantitative assessment with physically-based modelling approaches in the future.

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“…Adjacent to the forest site, and within Cathedral Cave, a network of drip loggers have been recording diffuse recharge at two depths (∼ 4 and ∼ 25 m) in the Garra Formation limestone since 2011. The logger network is described in Jex et al (2012), and time series for diffuse recharge can be found in Cuthbert et al (2014) and Markowska et al (2016). According to Jex et al (2012), recharge happens if rainfall is at least around 60 mm within a 24-48 h period, depending on soil moisture antecedent conditions.…”

Section: The Dry Semi-arid Site (Au)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measuring network will provide comprehensive data to develop and test new conceptual models of the functioning of the soil and epikarst, depending on climate and land use (Enemark et al, 2019). These data will help to improve the realism of water resource models for karst regions (Mudarra et al, 2019), the quantification of land-use change effects on karstic recharge (Sarrazin et al, 2018), or the simulation of above-cave hydrology for improved speleothem palaeoclimate reconstruction (Hartmann and Baker, 2017;Cuthbert et al, 2014).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

Berthelin

Rinderer

Andreo

et al. 2020

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. Karst systems are characterized by a high subsurface heterogeneity, and their complex recharge processes are difficult to characterize. Experimental methods to study karst systems mostly focus on analysing the entire aquifer. Despite their important role in recharge processes, the soil and epikarst receive limited attention, and the few available studies were performed at sites of similar latitudes. In this paper, we describe a new monitoring network that allows for the improvement of the understanding of soil and epikarst processes by including different karst systems with different land-cover types in different climate regions. Here, we present preliminary data form the network and elaborate on their potential to answer research questions about the role of soil and epikarst on karstic water flow and storage. The network measures soil moisture at multiple points and depths to understand the partitioning of rainfall into infiltration, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge processes. We installed soil moisture probes at five different climate regions: Puerto Rico (tropical), Spain (Mediterranean), the United Kingdom (humid oceanic), Germany (humid mountainous), and Australia (dry semi-arid). At each of the five sites, we defined two 20 m×20 m plots with different land-use types (forest and grassland). At each plot, 15 soil moisture profiles were randomly selected and probes at different depths from the topsoil to the epikarst (in total over 400 soil moisture probes) were installed. Covering the spatio-temporal variability of flow processes through a large number of profiles, our monitoring network will allow researchers to develop a new conceptual understanding of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge processes in karst regions across different climate regions and land-use types, and this will provide the base for quantitative assessment with physically based modelling approaches in the future.

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How can we model subsurface stormflow at the catchment scale if we cannot measure it?

Cited by 27 publications

References 83 publications

Moving beyond the catchment scale: Value and opportunities in large‐scale hydrology to understand our changing world

Moving beyond the catchment scale: Value and opportunities in large‐scale hydrology to understand our changing world

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

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