How Can We Improve Retention of the First-Time Donor? A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence

Bagot, Kathleen L.; Murray, Andrea L.; Masser, Barbara M.

doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.02.002

Cited by 86 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…stress, anxiety, fear of needles) after their first blood donation. This conclusion might be useful for a more targeted recruiting of FTDs being scared of their first blood donation . Furthermore, this study partly supports the opponent‐process theory of Piliavin et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Well‐being and return rate of first‐time whole blood donors

et al. 2019

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Background and objectives Previous studies observed a transient increase in well‐being in about one‐third of regular donors after blood donation. In addition, personal contact with donors after donation seems to increase return rates. We were interested whether changes in well‐being and/or personal contact after the first donation impact return rates of first‐time donors (FTDs). Materials and methods First‐time donors were randomized to a questionnaire group (QG), in which questionnaires assessing the well‐being had to be filled in, or a control group (CG), which was not contacted with a questionnaire. The QG had to complete the same questionnaire three times at the day of the first donation and then four times over an 8‐week period with reminding calls by the study coordinator. Return rates of participants were followed for 12 months. Results A total of 102 FTDs participated in the QG and 115 in the CG. Changes in well‐being after the first donation had minimal impact on the return rates. In contrast, contacting FTDs after their first donation had a significant impact on the return rate of male donors (89·2% in the QG vs. 58·3% in the CG; P = 0·001). Females showed no significant difference in return rates between both groups (P = 0·32). Conclusion The well‐being of FTDs had no influence on their return rate. The intervention of regular contacts during a research project follow‐up resulted in an increased return rate of male but not of female FTDs. The pronounced difference of the impact of this intervention between male and female donors requires further studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Well‐being and return rate of first‐time whole blood donors

et al. 2019

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“…Even though noncash items or “gifts” seem an acceptable alternative and monetary incentives could relief shortages temporarily, the results of this study cannot corroborate this line of reasoning. Potential willingness to donate was either not or negatively related to positive attitudes toward receiving cash.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Determinants of blood donation willingness in the European Union: a cross‐country perspective on perceived transfusion safety, concerns, and incentives

2019

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BACKGROUND Willingness to donate blood depends on personal characteristics, beliefs, and motivations, but also on the cultural context. The aim of this study was to examine whether willingness to donate blood is associated with attitudes toward blood transfusion, personal motivators, and incentives and whether these factors vary across countries in the European Union (EU). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The sample consisted of 27,868 participants, from 28 EU member states, who were interviewed about blood donation and transfusion‐related issues for the 2014 round of the Eurobarometer, a country‐comparative survey, collected on behalf of the European Commission. Participants were asked whether they would be willing to donate blood and for which reasons (motivators) and which incentives are appropriate to receive in return for a blood donation. RESULTS Willingness to donate varied significantly across countries and was positively associated with perceived blood transfusion safety. Furthermore, helping family or people in need were the most powerful motivators for blood donation willingness in almost all countries. In contrast, the number of participants who were willing to donate to alleviate shortages or to contribute to research varied widely across countries. The wish to receive certain incentives, however, did not seem to be related to willingness to donate. CONCLUSION Perceived blood transfusion safety and personal motivations may be stronger determinants of willingness to donate than receiving certain incentives. EU‐wide strategies and guidelines for donor recruitment and retention should take both overall and country‐specific patterns into account. For example, education on the importance of donation could be considered.

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“…However, donors are not made aware of these gifts before donation and so they are not considered incentives. On the other hand, there is debate about whether an incentive should be provided unconditionally or conditionally upon making a blood donation . For the purpose of this review, both unconditional and conditional incentives are included.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some authors provide a narrative summary of evidence in support for and against the use of incentives in blood donation while others summarize current distinctions between what is considered paid and voluntary donation when incentives are involved. The scope of systematic reviews also vary; some reviews discuss incentives as a minor component within a broader view of blood donor motivations, while others focus exclusively on economic or cash payment incentives and particularly the impact of payment on blood safety . Although a recent meta‐analysis concluded that incentives do not increase blood donations, it has been argued that the methodology employed (e.g., the restrictive inclusion criteria, an inconsistent application of criteria and sample weights) and the paucity of experimental evidence available renders this claim unreliable .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of incentives in blood donation

et al. 2017

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BACKGROUND Incentives are often used to enhance the effectiveness of recruitment and retention campaigns targeting blood donors. However, the degree to which incentives succeed in attracting and facilitating repeat donation is unclear. A systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, investigated the existing empirical evidence regarding the use of monetary and nonmonetary incentives within blood donation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A comprehensive search of relevant databases identified a total of 71 papers for inclusion in the review for defining and operationalizing incentives (Objective 1), of which nine papers empirically investigated attitudes toward incentives (Objective 2), 31 papers investigated the impact on blood donation behavior (Objective 3), and eight papers investigated the impact on blood safety (Objective 4). RESULTS Overall, research into the use of incentives in blood donation is limited, characterized by comparatively few studies, predominantly focused on whole blood donors, that are confounded by current operating context (paid or voluntary). No incentive has been identified that all segments of the nondonor and donor panel report positive attitudes toward, that has a positive impact on behavior, and that has no negative impact on blood safety. Certain incentives (i.e., discounts, tickets, gifts, and paid time off work) have the strongest evidence base for potential inclusion within voluntary nonremunerated (VNR) donation systems. CONCLUSION Due to the limited nature of the existing literature (particularly for apheresis donors) and inconsistencies observed within the results, additional research investigating the likely impact of introducing (or removing) monetary or nonmonetary incentives in VNR donor recruitment or retention is essential.

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How Can We Improve Retention of the First-Time Donor? A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence

Cited by 86 publications

References 94 publications

Well‐being and return rate of first‐time whole blood donors

Well‐being and return rate of first‐time whole blood donors

Determinants of blood donation willingness in the European Union: a cross‐country perspective on perceived transfusion safety, concerns, and incentives

A systematic review of incentives in blood donation

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