How can the landscape ecological security pattern be quantitatively optimized and effectively evaluated? An integrated analysis with the granularity inverse method and landscape indicators

Abstract

The optimization of the landscape ecological security pattern aims to construct a suitable ecological environment and promote the harmonious development between humans and nature. The optimization model of the ecological security pattern for the main urban area of Chongqing was constructed with the granularity inverse method, minimum cumulative resistance model, and spatial network analysis method. We used ecological nodes to optimize the landscape ecological security pattern by organically combining the landscape quantity and spatial structure. The results were as follows: (1) The optimal granularity for selecting the ecological source in the study area was 500 m. There were 220 ecological sources with a total area of 188691.03 hm 2 and a minimum area of 75.15 hm 2 . (2) The ecological buffer zone, protection and utilization zone, key development zone, coordinated control zone, and restricted development zone accounted for 57.78%, 20.87%, 12.36%, 6.48% and 2.50%, respectively, of the total area. (3) The constructed of the landscape ecological security pattern contained 70 ecological corridors with a total length of 415.89 km. The longest and shortest ecological corridors had lengths of 20.33 km and 1153.23 m, respectively. There were 17 ecological nodes of corridor-resistance and 27 ecological nodes of corridor-corridor. (4) 41 ecological node service areas were constructed, with a total area of approximately 236.0723 hm 2 , accounting for 0.04% of the total study area, and the largest and smallest ecological node areas were 6.0744 hm 2 and 0.0057 hm 2 , respectively. (5) The optimized result of the landscape ecological security pattern converted 209.1384 hm 2 of nonecological land into ecological land.

Construction and Optimization Strategy of an Ecological Network in Mountainous Areas: A Case Study in Southwestern Hubei Province, China

“…By dividing the ecological function zones, the precision and efficiency of ecological security construction can be ensured. The minimum cumulative resistance surface constructed based on ecological sources is the basis of ecological function zoning [ 76 ]. The standard deviation classification method was used to classify the resistance values.…”

“…The “ridge lines” of the minimum cumulative resistance surface were obtained in ArcGIS 10.2 using hydrology analysis module, namely, the maximum paths. In the hydrological analysis module of the spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS 10.2 software, the maximum threshold value that blocked ecological flow and species dispersal was extracted based on the minimum cumulative resistance surface, and then vectorized and smoothed the vectorized lines to obtain the “ridge lines” of the resistance surface [ 75 , 76 ]. This study identified the intersection of the maximum and minimum paths as ecological nodes.…”

Urban Expansion Was the Main Driving Force for the Decline in Ecosystem Services in Hainan Island during 1980–2015

“…Ecosystem types have obvious scale characteristics [ 46 , 47 ], and ecosystem-oriented solutions need appropriate scales [ 48 ]. Exploring the most sensitive spatial unit range of the ecological landscape index in response to changes in landscape components, namely, the optimal granularity [ 49 ], has an important scale indicator role for setting natural solutions oriented to ecosystem services. The coefficient of variation is a relative statistic used to measure the dispersion of serial observations [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Construction and Optimization of the Ecological Security Pattern in Liyang, China

“…To ensure the optimal landscape structure, some scholars have explored the variation characteristics of landscape-component structure with different granularities. The granularity-reverse method is used in some research to determine the optimal granularity [33,34], but still needs more verification and further discussion. The construction of a resistance surface usually includes two methods.…”

“…However, there is a lack of generalization and discussion on the improvement strategies scaled to the sites. Only a few studies have addressed the effectiveness and rationality evaluation of optimized ESPs [28,33,40], and much work is needed in this area.…”