How Can Systematic Reviews Teach Us More about the Implementation of the 3Rs and Animal Welfare?

Ritskes‐Hoitinga, Merel; Luijk, Judith van

doi:10.3390/ani9121163

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Finally, refinement demands a continuous effort to improve the quality of life of the animals, minimizing pain and suffering. [ 26 ] In the academic world, this requires a continuous discussion with the veterinarian staff at the animal facility to provide the knowledge needed on painkillers, anesthetics, and enrichments useful to minimize the stress of the animal.…”

Section: Problems and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements for Animal Experiments: Problems and Challenges

Fontana

Figueiredo

Martins

et al. 2020

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Section: Problems and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements for Animal Experiments: Problems and Challenges

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Figueiredo

Martins

et al. 2020

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“…We implemented a systematic review strategy because this provides a powerful tool to identify, collect, evaluate, and summarize research evidence, in a highly objective, transparent, and reproducible manner [ 71 ]. The majority of the studies showed either equivalent or superior efficacy of humane methods (jointly, 90%) in achieving learning outcomes, in comparison to harmful animal use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Educational Efficacy of Humane Teaching Methods: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Zemanova

Knight

2021

Animals

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Humane alternatives to harmful educational animal use include ethically-sourced cadavers, models, mannequins, mechanical simulators, videos, computer and virtual reality simulations, and supervised clinical and surgical experiences. In many life and health sciences courses, however, traditional animal use persists, often due to uncertainty about the educational efficacy of humane alternatives. The most recent comprehensive reviews assessing learning outcomes of humane teaching methods, in comparison to harmful animal use, were published more than 10 years ago. Therefore, we aimed to collate and analyse the combined evidence from recent and older studies about the efficacy of humane teaching methods. Using specific search terms, we systematically searched the Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases for relevant educational studies. We extracted information on publication years, the country in which the study was conducted, field, humane teaching methods, form of learning outcome assessment, and the learning outcome of the humane teaching methods, in comparison with harmful animal use. We found 50 relevant studies published from 1968–2020, primarily stemming from the USA, UK, and Canada. Humane teaching methods produced learning outcomes superior (30%), equivalent (60%), or inferior (10%) to those produced by traditional harmful animal use. In conclusion, a wide-spread implementation of humane teaching methods would not only preserve learning outcomes, but may in fact be beneficial for animals, students, educators, and institutions.

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“…Systematic reviews, meta-analyses and regression studies can help scientists choose the best animal models of disease, by providing evidence of their predictive value in pharmaceutical studies, thus making the evaluation of their translational value more evidence-based. They can also further the 3Rs (for Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal use), as well as allow finding gaps and opportunities to broaden their implementation [ 26 , 27 ]. The predictive value of animal models can be assessed by comparing the same outcome measures (e.g., blood glucose, and HbA1c) between human trials and animal studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Scientific Soundness and Translational Value of Animal Studies on DPP4 Inhibitors for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Franco

Miranda

Kovács

et al. 2021

Biology

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Although there is a wide range of animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) used in research; we have limited evidence on their translation value. This paper provides a) a comparison of preclinical animal and clinical results on the effect of five dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors by comparing the pharmaceutical caused glucose changes, and b) an evaluation of methodological and reporting standards in T2DM preclinical animal studies. DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin. In our analysis of 124 preclinical studies and 47 clinical trials, (1) we found no evidence of species differences in glucose change response to DPP4 inhibitors, which may suggest that, for this drug class, studies in mice and rats may be equally predictive of how well a drug will work in humans; and (2) there is good reporting of group size, sex, age, euthanasia method and self-reported compliance with animal welfare regulations in animal studies but poor reporting of justification of group size, along with a strong bias towards the use of male animals and young animals. Instead of the common non-transparent model selection, we call for a reflective and evidenced-based assessment of predictive validity of the animal models currently available.

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How Can Systematic Reviews Teach Us More about the Implementation of the 3Rs and Animal Welfare?

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Requirements for Animal Experiments: Problems and Challenges

Requirements for Animal Experiments: Problems and Challenges

The Educational Efficacy of Humane Teaching Methods: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Assessing Scientific Soundness and Translational Value of Animal Studies on DPP4 Inhibitors for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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