How can personal carbon trading be applied in electric vehicle subsidies? A Stackelberg game method in private vehicles

Strategies for applying carbon trading to the new energy vehicle market in China: An improved evolutionary game analysis for the bus industry

“…As a prelude to this investigation, Li verifies that carbon trading can effectively change the decision to adopt and encourage the adoption of EVs based on a choice experiment in Jiangsu, China [9], but this approach can only focus on its effectiveness on the market and cannot discuss the details of the implementation of carbon trading in the transportat sector. While Nie takes the lead in discussing the feasibility of carbon trading in private vehicles using a game approach [13], but the fact that bus operators are a sector with multiple dynamic decisions and the more widespread phenomenon of "subsidy fraud" makes its application a more specific problem. Therefore, investigating the application in the bus industry will promote carbon trading to stimulate the electrification of the entire transport sector.…”

“…Compared to traditional purchase subsidy, which is the way of "buy-and-get-subsidy", CTS is based on the distance traveled by NEVs, which can promote the actual use of NEVs. Currently Nie has discussed the key issues of carbon trading application in the private vehicle sector [13], while the bus sector, an object with multiple dynamic decisions, has not been targeted for study.…”

“…Evolutionary game theory adopts the assumption of limited rationality for actors with multiple strategy choices, that is, actors' behavior strategies are constantly and dynamically revised and improved under the condition of incomplete information, and finally reach a stable solution [23,24]. Although the Stackelberg game [6,13] has also been used to study issues related to new energy vehicle subsidy policies and supply chain decisions, it makes the assumption of perfectly rational behavior for participating entities, that is, they reach the final decision at once under the condition of complete information. In this study, involving the multi-sectorial and frequency dependent nature of incentives of bus operators and the government, the purchase decision of the former is not seen as a one-time act, but usually a multi-batch procurement iteration until all vehicle purchases are completed, and their decision may change dynamically according to the respective subsidy level in the process of multiple procurements.…”

How Does Carbon Trading Affect the Pricing Strategy of Automobile Companies? A Balancing Act of Optimizing Vehicles Pricing and Production Structures

“…When , the consumer's valuation of the EVs , the consumer's valuation of the GVs , , and the total demand is . From the above assumptions, given the valuation for GVs , the market share of GVs can be obtained as: (3) In this case, we can get . At this time, the market demand for electric vehicles is small.…”

“…Automobile companies that choose to produce are less affected by government carbon emission quotas. In fact, EVs Manufacture does not want to produce EVs [3]. On the one hand, the field of permanent magnet motor research and development technology is lacking.…”