How biological sex of the host shapes its gut microbiota

Valeri, Francesco; Endres, Kristina

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100912

Cited by 132 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“… 25 , 26 Thus, our finding is likely reflecting an appreciable underlying metabolic difference between the sexes that may be associated with the well-documented reports of sex-dependent differences in the gut microbiota composition, and gut microbial-microbial and microbial-host interactions. 56 , 57 In addition, our finding of higher non-zero connection in the GGM of males as compared to females is in agreement with another study showing that the female network is less densely connected than the network in males. 58 However, in the BN there were more probable connections in females than in males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

An Investigation into the Temporal Reproducibility of Tryptophan Metabolite Networks Among Healthy Adolescents

Oluwagbemigun

Anesi

Clarke

et al. 2021

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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Tryptophan and its bioactive metabolites are associated with health conditions such as systemic inflammation, cardiometabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. There are dynamic interactions among metabolites of tryptophan. The interactions between metabolites, particularly those that are strong and temporally reproducible could be of pathophysiological relevance. Using a targeted metabolomics approach, the concentration levels of tryptophan and 18 of its metabolites across multiple pathways was quantified in 24-hours urine samples at 2 time-points, age 17 years (baseline) and 18 years (follow-up) from 132 (52% female) apparently healthy adolescent participants of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study. In sex-specific analyses, we applied 2 network approaches, the Gaussian graphical model and Bayesian network to (1) explore the network structure for both time-points, (2) retrieve strongly related metabolites, and (3) determine whether the strongly related metabolites were temporally reproducible. Independent of selected covariates, the 2 network approaches revealed 5 associations that were strong and temporally reproducible. These were novel relationships, between kynurenic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in females and between kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid in males, as well as known relationships between kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine, and between 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in females and between tryptophan and kynurenine in males. Overall, this epidemiological study using network-based approaches shed new light into tryptophan metabolism, particularly the interaction of host and microbial metabolites. The 5 observed relationships suggested the existence of a temporally stable pattern of tryptophan and 6 metabolites in healthy adolescent, which could be further investigated in search of fingerprints of specific physiological states. The metabolites in these relationships may represent a multi-biomarker panel that could be informative for health outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

An Investigation into the Temporal Reproducibility of Tryptophan Metabolite Networks Among Healthy Adolescents

Oluwagbemigun

Anesi

Clarke

et al. 2021

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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“…Microbiota differences between males and females exist both anatomically (e.g., the unique urogenital microbiome niche in females), as well as compositionally ( 77 ). In a sex-matched study of gut microbiome profiles in 89 different mouse strains, important differences were observed in both microbial composition and biodiversity, with female mice harboring greater bacterial α-diversity as well as greater abundance of key immune-modulating microbial taxa (e.g., Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families) ( 78 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Biological Sex on Sepsis Treatments in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and a Narrative Elaboration on Sex- and Gender-Dependent Differences in Sepsis

Zhang

Montroy

Sharma

et al. 2021

Critical Care Explorations

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“…Evidence also suggests that the composition of the GM and intestinal function can differ between sexes and such differences may partly explain differences in the risk of metabolic disease between sexes (143)(144)(145) . Similarly, changes in GM composition and intestinal function are strongly associated with ageing and are likely to contribute to the increased risk of NAFLD associated with older age both directly and indirectly via exacerbating WAT dysfunction (146)(147)(148) .…”

Section: Intestinal Dysfunction Dysbiosis and Links With Wat Function In Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi-system disease influenced by ageing and sex, and affected by adipose tissue and intestinal function

2021

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In recent years, a wealth of factors are associated with increased risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD is now thought to increase the risk of multiple extra-hepatic diseases. The aim of this review is first to focus on the role of ageing and sex as key, poorly understood risk factors in the development and progression of NAFLD. Secondly, we aim to discuss the roles of white adipose tissue (WAT) and intestinal dysfunction, as producers of extra-hepatic factors known to further contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Finally, we aim to summarise the role of NAFLD as a multi-system disease affecting other organ systems beyond the liver. Both increased age and male sex increase the risk of NAFLD and this may be partly driven by alterations in the distribution and function of WAT. Similarly, changes in gut microbiota composition and intestinal function with ageing and chronic overnutrition are likely to contribute to the development of NAFLD both directly (i.e. by affecting hepatic function) and indirectly via exacerbating WAT dysfunction. Consequently, the presence of NAFLD significantly increases the risk of various extra-hepatic diseases including CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and certain extra-hepatic cancers. Thus changes in WAT and intestinal function with ageing and chronic overnutrition contribute to the development of NAFLD – a multi-system disease that subsequently contributes to the development of other chronic cardiometabolic diseases.

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How biological sex of the host shapes its gut microbiota

Cited by 132 publications

References 164 publications

An Investigation into the Temporal Reproducibility of Tryptophan Metabolite Networks Among Healthy Adolescents

An Investigation into the Temporal Reproducibility of Tryptophan Metabolite Networks Among Healthy Adolescents

The Effects of Biological Sex on Sepsis Treatments in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and a Narrative Elaboration on Sex- and Gender-Dependent Differences in Sepsis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi-system disease influenced by ageing and sex, and affected by adipose tissue and intestinal function

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