How athletes conceptualise doping, winning, and consequences: insights from using the cognitive interviewing technique with the Goldman dilemma

Woolf, Jules; Mazanov, Jason

doi:10.1080/2159676x.2016.1272480

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This is due to the fact that the illegal advantage gained by one athlete has a relatively marginal effect on the result of the game. This comparative aspect was also reflected in a study by Woolf and Mazanov (2017). However, while a difference was found concerning doping between athletes at different competitive levels, no differences were found in the perceptions of athletes from individual and team sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Thus, local norms of competitive behavior shape the perceptions of young athletes. Furthermore, the competitive level may have an impact, as found in the studies of Woolf and Mazanov (2017) . According to their study, the differences in ethical perceptions between the team and individual athletes decrease when the level of play is non-competitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Morality and Values in Sports Among Young Athletes: The Role of Sport Type and Parenting Styles – A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Given the great importance of morality and values in modern sports, especially among young athletes, in this pilot study, we sought to broaden the exploration of the factors that may play role in these contexts, which have not been widely researched to date. Accordingly, the study tested the relationships between sport type (team or individual) and parenting styles (authoritative vs. non-authoritative), and moral decision-making in sport and sport values among 110 adolescent athletes whose age ranges from 11 to 22 (M = 16.04, SD = 2.86). The findings indicated that participants with authoritative parents, as compared to those with non-authoritative parents, are significantly less accepting of cheating in sport, while they also tend more to keep winning in proportion and hold significantly stronger moral values toward sports. Moreover, participants whose main sport is a team sport type tend to accept more cheating and gamesmanship than participants whose main sport is an individualistic sport type. While no differences were recorded between these groups in moral values, team athletes tend to value status in sport more than individual athletes, while the latter tend to value competence regarding their sport. The implications of the findings are discussed in light of no interaction between the effects of parenting styles and sport type on moral and sport values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morality and Values in Sports Among Young Athletes: The Role of Sport Type and Parenting Styles – A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…Notably, athletes' desire for results and their competitive nature sometimes motivate them to become high performers (Jordalen, Lemyre, and Durand-Bush 2019). The athletes' main intentions of commodity aspects (Barker-Ruchti et al, 2014) could also be a matter of their maturity and experience, as athletes' attitudes regarding athletic progression at 'any costs' may change as they grow older (Woolf and Mazanov 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable elite sport: Swedish athletes’ voices of sustainability in athletics

Dohlsten

Barker-Ruchti

Lindgren

2020

Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health

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Elite sport is a precarious context and as athletes are pushing their physical and mental boundaries to enhance performance, consequences can be devastating. In contrast to arguments that elite sport cannot be sustainable, some scholars have argued that with certain considerations and precautions, elite sport can have fewer unsustainable consequences. However, the current literature has missed to capture athletes' voices regarding sustainability in elite sport. Therefore, this article aims to give voice to athletes and their needs and concerns regarding sustainable elite sport and through this, to extend the existing elite sport sustainability conceptualisation with knowledge from the athlete perspective. Focusgroup interviews were conducted with 15 high performance athletes. The findings suggest that athletes need athlete-centred coaching, focus on holistic perspectives, and co-creation of their overall development. However, athletes also seem to adapt and accept commodity structures, as their focus on results overrules most aspects regarding long-term health and well-being.

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“…It has been recognized that the decision behind doping is a complex psychological process involving environmental and social cognitive factors (Lazuras, 2015;Hauw, 2017;Petróczi et al, 2017;Woolf & Mazanov, 2017). Introduced to doping research by Petróczi et al (2017), the Behavioural Reasoning Theory (Westaby, 2005) explains not only the planned actions but the motives underpinning human behaviors.…”

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confidence: 99%

The performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS) reached ‘adulthood’: Lessons and recommendations from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Folkerts

Loh

Petróczi

et al. 2021

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Doping is an omnipresent issue in both professional and amateur sports. Advances in social science research, including studies on doping attitude, have played a pivotal role in developing an understanding that prohibition and testing alone do not deter athletes from doping. Research on doping attitude has relied heavily on the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). Yet, to date, no systematic review and meta-analysis of the PEAS have been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study is, for the first time, to cumulate evidence for the psychometric properties of PEAS; specifically to conduct a qualitative synthesis and perform a meta-analysis to analyze the available results and findings for internal consistency reliability, gender differences and user/non-user differences in doping attitude assessed by the PEAS. PRISMA protocol was employed for data identification and selection. Included articles were assessed for data quality and biases. Meta-analysis with random effects models was used to determine overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and descriptive statistics (Mean, SD) for a subset of studies using the full 17-item PEAS. Eighty-two studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and a subsample of 42 studies were meta-analyzed. The quantitative analyses yield an overall PEAS score of 39.18 (2.30 on a 6-point scale) and Cronbach's alpha of .85. Males and admitted doping users scored higher on PEAS then females and non-users, but still within the 'negative' spectrum. Medium to strong correlations were recorded with moral disengagement (r = .42-.75). The meta-analysis showed good level of internal consistency reliability for the PEAS. Overall, negative doping attitude characterized the athlete population, regardless of gender or involvement in doping. The latter, coupled with sole reliance on self-reports for doping, questions the validity of PEAS as proxy for indexing doping behavior. Future research will benefit from a standardized short version of PEAS. The evident moral angle of the PEAS limits the scale's utility as a global attitude measure and warrants recalibration of the scale as a measure of moral doping attitude. Advances in doping behavior research calls for a more nuanced understanding of the role of attitudes toward doping and clean sport behavior; new and more specific attitude measures toward doping that separate moral and functional aspects effectively, along with a psychometrically sound instrument for adolescents.

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How athletes conceptualise doping, winning, and consequences: insights from using the cognitive interviewing technique with the Goldman dilemma

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Morality and Values in Sports Among Young Athletes: The Role of Sport Type and Parenting Styles – A Pilot Study

Morality and Values in Sports Among Young Athletes: The Role of Sport Type and Parenting Styles – A Pilot Study

Sustainable elite sport: Swedish athletes’ voices of sustainability in athletics

The performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS) reached ‘adulthood’: Lessons and recommendations from a systematic review and meta-analysis

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