How are the Two Most Polluted Metro-cities of India Combating Air Pollution? Way Forward after Lifting of COVID-19 Lockdown

Majumdar, D.

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2020.07.0463

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several studies have been published on the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution level in India (Jain and Sharma, 2020;Kumar, 2020;Kumari and Toshniwal, 2020;Majumdar, 2020;Mahato, et al, 2020;Sharma et al, 2020;Shehzad et al, 2020;Singh and Chauhan, 2020). However, most of the studies have reported measurements of metro cities and urban regions.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Quality in India

Verma

Kamyotra

2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The COVID-19 pandemic spread all over the world in early 2020. India imposed a nationwide lockdown on March 25, 2020, for more than a month to contain the COVID-19 infection. During the nationwide lockdown, transport, industries, and commercial activities were suspended, except for essential services. We made a detailed analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on air quality in India by using the data from more than 200 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) and reported a change in the National Air Quality Index (NAQI), spatial distribution and concentration levels of PM10,

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Quality in India

Verma

Kamyotra

2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Air quality was declining in many cities [17][18][19] and its impacts are more pronounced around the globe [20][21][22] causing economic loss and diseases [23][24][25]. Earlier researchers reported decreasing trend of air pollutants due to lockdown period, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] reduced anthropogenic emissions [34], meteorological impacts on air concentration [35][36]. Many researchers have studied AQI in Chennai city [32,[37][38] but they have not done micro level analysis.…”

Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Air Quality of Chennai, India

Vidya¹,

Kumar²,

A³

et al. 2023

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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COVID 19 Pandemic in India had demanded an imposition of lockdown for three weeks initially and was extended further. This has drastic effect on air quality making it better because of control of vehicle emissions. This study analyzed the air quality in Chennai city using the parameters of pollution (NH 3, PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 and CO) for air quality data for monitoring stations (three) spread over the city. National Air Quality Index (NAQI) has been used to present the quality of air spatially during lockdown and before lockdown. The concentrations of PM 2.5 among the pollutants selected showed a maximum reduction (-61%) compared to the pre-lockdown process. NO 2 (−40%) and CO (−32%) have also gone down when lockdown was in place, among other contaminants. In the different sections of the city, about 53% reduction in NAQI has been observed. Deep learning short-term predictions of various air pollutants are made in this study. The correlation between AQI and Pollutants (NH 3, PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 and CO) in the study area modelled in deep learning using PYTHON. The classification of AQI class has been created in python with AQI values of Good (0-50), Satisfactory (51-100), , Very poor (301-400) and severe (>401). The study shows the level of co-relation of PM 2.5 being the highest. A linear regression model was performed and metrics such mean absolute error, r 2 to check the model performance for training and testing data are calculated. These results can be coupled with social, economic and Cultural factors that could have common emission patterns and air quality especially in metropolitan cities. The present study would aid authorities as it clearly shows that the quality can be made better if sources of emission can be diminished. This will pave way to protect and make the surroundings and environment better.

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“…Moreover, the median PM2.5 concentrations vary depending on the geographical location and the time of year. Some cities in Asia struggle with higher medial PM2.5 concentrations than those located in other parts of the globe [7]. The PM2.5 concentrations in urban areas tend to be higher in winter than in other seasons of the year [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between Fine Particle Matter (PM2.5) Exposure and Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases

Zaręba,

Piszczatowska,

Dżaman

et al. 2024

JPM

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PM2.5 is one of the most harmful components of airborne pollution and includes particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm. Almost 90% of the world’s population lives in areas with poor air quality exceeding the norms established by the WHO. PM2.5 exposure affects various organs and systems of the human body including the upper respiratory tract which is one of the most prone to its adverse effects. PM2.5 can disrupt nasal epithelial cell metabolism, decrease the integrity of the epithelial barrier, affect mucociliary clearance, and alter the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa. Those effects may increase the chance of developing upper respiratory tract diseases in areas with high PM2.5 pollution. PM2.5’s contribution to allergic rhinitis (AR) and rhinosinusitis was recently thoroughly investigated. Numerous studies demonstrated various mechanisms that occur when subjects with AR or rhinosinusitis are exposed to PM2.5. Various immunological changes and alterations in the nasal and sinonasal epithelia were reported. These changes may contribute to the observations that exposure to higher PM2.5 concentrations may increase AR and rhinosinusitis symptoms in patients and the number of clinical visits. Thus, studying novel strategies against PM2.5 has recently become the focus of researchers’ attention. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of PM2.5 on healthy upper respiratory tract mucosa and PM2.5’s contribution to AR and rhinosinusitis. Finally, we summarize the current advances in developing strategies against PM2.5 particles’ effects on the upper respiratory tract.

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How are the Two Most Polluted Metro-cities of India Combating Air Pollution? Way Forward after Lifting of COVID-19 Lockdown

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Quality in India

Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Quality in India

Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Air Quality of Chennai, India

The Relationship between Fine Particle Matter (PM2.5) Exposure and Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases

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