How are the activity and participation aspects of the ICF used? Examples from studies of people with intellectual disability

Arvidsson, Patrik; Granlund, Mats; Thyberg, Mikael

doi:10.3233/nre-141190

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…17 There are numerous debates about what the term means, usually framed in the context of how it should be measured. [34][35][36] To resolve this, it is helpful to separate the concept of participation from its measurement.…”

Section: Achievements Criticisms Evolution and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come

2017

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The biopsychosocial model outlined in Engel's classic Science paper four decades ago emerged from dissatisfaction with the biomedical model of illness, which remains the dominant healthcare model. Engel's call to arms for a biopsychosocial model has been taken up in several healthcare fields, but it has not been accepted in the more economically dominant and politically powerful acute medical and surgical domains. It is widely used in research into complex healthcare interventions, it is the basis of the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Functioning (WHO ICF), it is used clinically, and it is used to structure clinical guidelines. Critically, it is now generally accepted that illness and health are the result of an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. Despite the evidence supporting its validity and utility, the biopsychosocial model has had little influence on the larger scale organization and funding of healthcare provision. With chronic diseases now accounting for most morbidity and many deaths in Western countries, healthcare systems designed around acute biomedical care models are struggling to improve patient-reported outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Consequently, there is now a greater need to apply the biopsychological model to healthcare management. The increasing proportion of healthcare resource devoted to chronic disorders and the accompanying need to improve patient outcomes requires action; better understanding and employment of the biopsychosocial model by those charged with healthcare funding could help improve healthcare outcome while also controlling costs.

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Section: Achievements Criticisms Evolution and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come

2017

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“…6,12,13 There is still debate both about what is meant by participation and about how it is measured. [14][15][16]…”

Section: The Holistic Biopsychosocial Model Of Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation – a new approach. Part two: the underlying theories

Wade¹

2015

Clin Rehabil

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This editorial considers how healthcare systems should approach the problems associated with ongoing, persistent symptoms and limitations on a person's ability to undertake activities. It starts from the premise, established in the first editorial, that the current reliance on the biomedical model of health and illness is no longer 'fit for purpose', and is one major cause of current difficulties within the health service. Among other problems, it may lead to the marginalisation of rehabilitation services, especially when resources are limited. This editorial describes and then highlights the implications of the holistic, biopsychosocial model of illness. It also outlines the rehabilitation process, demonstrating its similarity to the process used by medical services, with the primary difference being the centre of attention: disease for medical service, disability for rehabilitation services. The model of rehabilitation emphasises: the importance of being patient-centred and goal-directed in rehabilitation; the need for liaison by the team and learning by the patient; and that the patient needs to be encouraged and enabled to practice wanted activities.

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“…Recognising and understanding to what extent current functioning (WHO ) is due to the assault and what might be due to a pre‐existing condition can be extremely difficult in such circumstances. This is not simply a dilemma for the St Mary's SARC team, previous studies of differing professions have also highlighted the challenge of accurate recognition (Arvidsson, Granlund, & Thyberg, ; Douglas & Cuskelly, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving service responses for people with learning disabilities who have been sexually assaulted: An audit of forensic services

Olsen

Majeed‐Ariss

Teniola

et al. 2017

Brit J Learn Disabil

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Accessible summary• When people report being sexually assaulted they can be examined by a specially trained doctor to see how the assault might have affected them. They may also ask for help from a counsellor or other specially trained support workers. These staff might belong to a sexual assault referral centre (SARC).• This study reports findings from work that staff from St Mary's SARC in Manchester did so that they could improve the services they offer to people with learning disabilities who have been sexually assaulted.• A staff survey showed that staff thought they might not always recognise if a person had learning disabilities or another learning difficulty like dyslexia. We wonder if knowing the difference is as important as knowing how to support people well.Looking at patient notes showed that patients with learning disabilities received less follow-up care than patients without learning disabilities.• This study describes the first step that the SARC team took to improve their service. Improvements have been made based on these first findings, including some of those recommended by staff in their surveys. These will be reported in another paper to see if they have made a difference to people with learning disabilities. AbstractBackground: People with learning disabilities are more likely to experience sexual abuse and less likely to access support than the general population, this is due to a range of variables at the individual, societal and service-delivery level. This study presents a service evaluation of St Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester to explore its ability to provide meaningful support to people with learning disabilities and to identify ways to improve its responses. Materials and Methods:The service evaluation had two components: (i) A staff survey to elicit self-perception of the knowledge and skills required to meaningfully support people with learning disabilities who attended the centre following an allegation of rape or sexual assault (ii) An audit of patient notes to compare service delivered to patients with a learning disability to those without.Results: Forty-two members of staff (over 75% response rate) completed the survey which found a lack of differentiation between learning disabilities and other types of neurodiversity. The majority of responders reported having enough knowledge about | 239 OLSEN Et aL.

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How are the activity and participation aspects of the ICF used? Examples from studies of people with intellectual disability

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come

The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come

Rehabilitation – a new approach. Part two: the underlying theories

Improving service responses for people with learning disabilities who have been sexually assaulted: An audit of forensic services

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