“…While there are topic-specific conceptions, there are also general intuitive ways of thinking that impact students' conceptions in various of these and other scientific topics (Barnes, Evans, et al, 2017;Coley & Tanner, 2015;Richard et al, 2017). Especially teleology, anthropomorphism, and essentialism are described as relevant cognitive biases in various domains of science (Coley & Tanner, 2015;Gregory, 2009;Hartelt et al, 2022;Kampourakis, 2007;Stern et al, 2022;Talanquer, 2006). These cognitive biases are widespread because they are core features of human cognition (Coley & Tanner, 2012;Guthrie, 1997;Kelemen, 1999;Shtulman, 2017).…”