How are cities planning for heat? Analysis of United States municipal plans

Turner, V. Kelly; French, Emma M.; Dialesandro, John; Middel, Ariane; Hondula, David M.; Ban-Weiss, George; Abdelatti, Hana

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac73a9

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…To analyze and present professional contexts effectively, working with geodata and their interdisciplinary combinability in a joint spatial context provides significant benefit. For instance, current municipal obligations in the energy sector, such as municipal heat planning [73], can be utilized to generate local motivation and combine demographic indicators with energy considerations. This approach allows a quick recognition of the significance that these aspects converge upon in aging post-war buildings and among elderly residents at the local level.…”

Section: Convincing Stakeholders Of the Need For Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Planning Support System for Monitoring Aging Neighborhoods in Germany

Schaffert,

Warch,

Müller

2024

Geomatics

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Many single-family homes built in Germany in the first decades following the Second World War are now occupied by elderly residents. If local conditions are unfavorable, a large number of these buildings may enter the real estate market in a short period of time and put pressure on the local housing market. Planners and decision-makers therefore need detailed spatiotemporal information about these neighborhoods to effectively address and counteract such developments. We present the design and implementation of a planning support system that can generate the required information. The architecture of this newly developed software consists of a composite, multitier framework to perform the complex tasks of data importation, data processing, and visualization. Legally mandated municipal population registers provide the key data for the calculation of indicators as a base for spatiotemporal analyses and visualizations. These registers offer high data quality in terms of completeness, logical consistency, spatial, and temporal and thematic accuracy. We demonstrate the implemented method using population data from a local government in a rural area in southwestern Germany. The results show that the new tool, which relies on open software components, is capable to identify and prioritize areas with particularly high levels of problem pressure. The tool can be used not only for analyses in a local context, but also at a regional level.

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Section: Convincing Stakeholders Of the Need For Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Planning Support System for Monitoring Aging Neighborhoods in Germany

Schaffert,

Warch,

Müller

2024

Geomatics

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“…Specifically, the people experiencing homelessness are overrepresented in negative heat-health outcome statistics (Sumedi and Ghimire, 2022;Van Tol et al, 2024). Most of these health outcomes are preventable through effective and targeted mitigation and adaptation measures (Turner et al, 2022). One adaptive strategy used by those experiencing homelessness to prevent heat exposure is the addition of different shade materials over tents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Tent Shade on Heat Exposures and Simulated Heat Strain for People Experiencing Homelessness

Karanja,

Vanos,

Joshi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Concurrent increases in homelessness and heat intensity, duration, and frequency translate to an urban heat risk trap for the unsheltered population. Homelessness is both a driver and consequence of poor health, co-creating distinct geographies with various risk factors that exacerbate heat vulnerability. We tested the efficacy of different tent shadings over identical tents often observed in the Phoenix area (white bedsheet, mylar, tarp, and aluminum foil) and compared them to a control tent (uncovered) and ambient conditions. We monitored all meteorological variables at all six locations, notably Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT). The in-tent microclimate variability was applied to complete statistical and physiological modeling including the use of behavioral or recreational drugs on heat strain. Findings indicate that tent shadings resulted in significantly lower in-tent MRT during the day (p < 0.05), but exacerbated in-tent thermal risk during the night compared to the control tent and ambient conditions. Furthermore, we found evidence that the temperature metric matters, and using only either MRT or air temperature (Tair) to assess “heat” could lead to inconsistent conclusions about in-tent microclimate. Interactions between shade types and time significantly amplified in-tent thermal risk. Physiological modeling indicates a higher risk of heat strain (core temperature beyond 40˚C) for those taking certain drugs. Decision makers should promote testing different heat intervening strategies toward realizing effective means of protecting human life and preventing heat illnesses. This study illuminates the need for an interdisciplinary approach to studying tents as shelters that considers the total heat load with heat strain modeling.

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“…In search of location-specific and diverse strategies to mitigate UHIs, many municipal planning and policy approaches now require urban green infrastructure (UGI) [8,14,18]. Trees are a foundational form of UGI, offering various environmental benefits, including stormwater mitigation, soil stabilization, carbon sequestration and storage, wildlife habitat, and urban temperature moderation [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Trees Are Not an Option: Perennial Vines as a Complementary Strategy for Mitigating the Summer Warming of an Urban Microclimate

Millward,

Blake

2024

Preprint

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<p>This study evaluates the potential of Boston Ivy (<em>Parthenocissus tricuspidata</em>) to reduce building surface temperature in a mid-latitude North American city center where vine use for this purpose is uncommon. Vegetation can regulate city summer temperatures by providing shade and evaporative cooling. While planting trees has been a focus for many urban municipalities, trees require space (above and below ground), access to water, costly planting and maintenance, and may only be desirable to some city residents. To explore viable vegetation alternatives with fewer growth constraints, we deployed temperature loggers on the exterior walls of buildings in the urban core of Toronto, Canada, a large mid-latitude city. Perennial vines shaded some walls, while others were bare. These devices systematically tracked exterior surface temperature fluctuations over six months, including the growing season, with full vine-leaf coverage. During peak solar access periods, average daily temperature differentials between vine-shaded and non-shaded building surfaces ranged from up to 6.5 °C on south-facing building exteriors to 7.0 °C on west-facing walls. Models were developed to estimate daily degree hour difference, a metric integrating the magnitude and duration of the temperature-moderating potential of vines. At ambient temperatures ≥ 23 °C, solar radiation intensity and ambient air temperature were positively correlated with vine effectiveness in mitigating the rise in built surface temperature; relative humidity was negatively associated. Installing vine cover on urban buildings in the form of green façades can complement tree planting as cities become hotter due to climate change, and space for growing trees diminishes with urban densification. Future research into the capacity of green façades to regulate outdoor temperature must establish uniform measurement protocols and undertake evaluations in diverse climatic scenarios. </p>

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How are cities planning for heat? Analysis of United States municipal plans

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

A Planning Support System for Monitoring Aging Neighborhoods in Germany

A Planning Support System for Monitoring Aging Neighborhoods in Germany

Impact of Tent Shade on Heat Exposures and Simulated Heat Strain for People Experiencing Homelessness

When Trees Are Not an Option: Perennial Vines as a Complementary Strategy for Mitigating the Summer Warming of an Urban Microclimate

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