How and why do men and women differ in their willingness to use automated cars? The influence of emotions across different age groups

Hohenberger, Christoph; Spörrle, Matthias; Welpe, Isabell M.

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.022

Cited by 202 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Among the different ages, the ascribed usefulness of self‐driving cars, affordability, social support, and lifestyle fit were important determinants for acceptance. This is consistent with previous studies on mobility (Hohenberger, Spörrle, & Welpe, ; Ziefle, Beul‐Leusmann, Kasugai, & Schwalm, ), which show that user factors (e.g., age and gender) considerably impact risk perceptions and acceptance decisions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

sCARy! Risk Perceptions in Autonomous Driving: The Influence of Experience on Perceived Benefits and Barriers

2018

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The increasing development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) influences the future of transportation. Beyond the potential benefits in terms of safety, efficiency, and comfort, also potential risks of novel driving technologies need to be addressed. In this article, we explore risk perceptions toward connected and autonomous driving in comparison to conventional driving. In order to gain a deeper understanding of individual risk perceptions, we adopted a two‐step empirical procedure. First, focus groups (N=17) were carried out to identify relevant risk factors for autonomous and connected driving. Further, a questionnaire was developed, which was answered by 516 German participants. In the questionnaire, three driving technologies (connected, autonomous, conventional) were evaluated via semantic differential (rating scale to identify connotative meaning of technologies). Second, participants rated perceived risk levels (for data, traffic environment, vehicle, and passenger) and perceived benefits and barriers of connected/autonomous driving. Since previous experience with automated functions of driver assistance systems can have an impact on the evaluation, three experience groups have been formed. The effect of experience on benefits and barrier perceptions was also analyzed. Risk perceptions were significantly smaller for conventional driving compared to connected/autonomous driving. With increasing experience, risk perception decreases for novel driving technologies with one exception: the perceived risk in handling data is not influenced by experience. The findings contribute to an understanding of risk perception in autonomous driving, which helps to foster a successful implementation of AVs on the market and to develop public information strategies.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

sCARy! Risk Perceptions in Autonomous Driving: The Influence of Experience on Perceived Benefits and Barriers

2018

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“…People with higher trust in and higher knowledge of AD technology (Ward, Raue, Lee, Ambrosio, & Coughlin, ) reported higher likelihood to purchase an AD vehicle. Trust in AD technology (Choi & Ji, ; Ward et al., ), perceived usefulness of this technology (Choi & Ji, ), and anxiety toward this technology (Hohenberger, Spörrle, & Welpe, ) were found to be strong predictors of people's intention to use AD technology. Men were observed to have a higher intention to use AD technology than women (Hohenberger et al., ; Payre et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Acceptance of Fully Automated Driving: Effects of Social Trust and Risk/Benefit Perceptions

2018

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Automated driving (AD) is one of the most significant technical advances in the transportation industry. Its safety, economic, and environmental benefits cannot be realized if it is not used. To explain, predict, and increase its acceptance, we need to understand how people perceive and why they accept or reject AD technology. Drawing upon the trust heuristic, we tested a psychological model to explain three acceptance measures of fully AD (FAD): general acceptance, willingness to pay (WTP), and behavioral intention (BI). This heuristic suggests that social trust can directly affect acceptance or indirectly affect acceptance through perceived benefits and risks. Using a survey (N = 441), we found that social trust retained a direct effect as well as an indirect effect on all FAD acceptance measures. The indirect effect of social trust was more prominent in forming general acceptance; the direct effect of social trust was more prominent in explaining WTP and BI. Compared to perceived risk, perceived benefit was a stronger predictor of all FAD acceptance measures and also a stronger mediator of the trust-acceptance relationship. Predictive ability of the proposed model for the three acceptance measures was confirmed. We discuss the implications of our results for theory and practice.

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“…The results of this study indicated that willingness to fly changes significantly dependent on who the passenger is: the self, a child, or a colleague . One prior study has investigated gender differences specifically in willingness to use a driverless vehicle, finding that of a sample of 1603 Germans, females were significantly more anxious about the use of driverless vehicles than the males (Hohenberger et al 2016). The decreased willingness to fly in prior research, coupled with females negative emotions about driverless cars suggest that female participants in this study may be less willing to let their children ride in an automated school bus.…”

Section: Perception Differences Based On Gendermentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, in this context, the six universal emotions are used to gauge parent reactions to their children riding in driverless school buses. One prior study to our knowledge has focused on the influence of emotions on willingness to use self-driving vehicles, finding that women are influenced by more negative emotions about self-driving cars, and males are more influenced by positive emotions about self-driving vehicles (Hohenberger et al 2016).…”

Section: Affect and The Six Universal Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why People Are Not Willing to Let Their Children Ride in Driverless School Buses: A Gender and Nationality Comparison

et al. 2018

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Abstract:As driverless vehicles proliferate, it is possible that this technology will be applied in mass transport vehicles. School buses may be suited for autonomous operations as they follow set routes and schedules. However, a research gap exists in whether or not parents would be willing to have their children ride in autonomously operated school buses. The purpose of this study was to examine parents' willingness to allow their child to ride in an autonomous school bus. Participant gender and nationality were also two independent variables, along with affect measures as a possible mediating variable. The research used a two-study approach. In study one, it was found that participants were less willing to have their child ride in a driverless school bus than a traditional human-operated vehicle. In study two, findings suggest a significant interaction between the type of driver, participant gender, and nationality. In general, American females were less willing than Indian females and overall, Americans were less willing than Indians in the driverless conditions. Affect was found to be a mediating variable, which suggests that emotions were playing a role in the responses of participants. The paper concludes with theoretical contributions, practical applications, and suggestions for future research.

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How and why do men and women differ in their willingness to use automated cars? The influence of emotions across different age groups

Cited by 202 publications

References 26 publications

sCARy! Risk Perceptions in Autonomous Driving: The Influence of Experience on Perceived Benefits and Barriers

sCARy! Risk Perceptions in Autonomous Driving: The Influence of Experience on Perceived Benefits and Barriers

Public Acceptance of Fully Automated Driving: Effects of Social Trust and Risk/Benefit Perceptions

Why People Are Not Willing to Let Their Children Ride in Driverless School Buses: A Gender and Nationality Comparison

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