How age changes in knowledge base contribute to the development of children's memory: An interpretive review

Bjorklund, David F.

doi:10.1016/0273-2297(87)90007-4

Cited by 303 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In line with previous research, this supports the notion that existing verbal LTM knowledge can have a top-down influence upon verbal STM in those with DS (Brock & Jarrold, 2004;Raitano Lee, Pennington, & Keenan, 2010), as well as being consistent with previous evidence that those with DS do organise semantic items in a similar nature to those without DS (Nash & Snowling, 2008). Bjorklund (1987) suggested that once semantic knowledge is obtained it can influence STM recall quite effortlessly. While the DS group did experience a significant benefit of semantic relation in the current study (this effect was significant in the original comparison, and just nearing significance for the retest data, p = .05), they nevertheless displayed less benefit from the semantically related arrangement of items than did the TD group, even though the two groups were well matched for vocabulary knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This suggests that individuals with DS are not using the relatedness between the items as a cue to recall memoranda, or as an organisational strategy, to the same degree as those without DS. According to Bjorklund (1987), individuals' knowledge base can impact on their memory recall performance in three ways; these are, by increasing the accessibility of items, by facilitating the use of strategies and by activating relations between items. Importantly, Bjorklund noted that semantic relations among items are activated with very little effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grouping, semantic relation and imagery effects in individuals with Down syndrome

Smith¹,

Jarrold²

2014

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grouping, semantic relation and imagery effects in individuals with Down syndrome

Smith¹,

Jarrold²

2014

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…There was also an instructive Age x Trial x Memory Process interaction, F (1, 150) = 11.57, MSE = .01, p < .001, the nature of which is apparent in Figure 5. A classic finding about memory development is that when children study and recall meaningful items, younger children are less likely than older children and adolescents to benefit from opportunities to extract meaning content (Bjorklund, 1987(Bjorklund, , 2004Bjorklund & Muir, 1988). Another, less well-known, result is that output interference has more pronounced effects on older children's recall than on younger children's (e.g., Brainerd, Olney, & Reyna, 1993).…”

Section: Repetition Has Opposite Effects On Direct Access From Reconsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichotomous processes in early memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: A unified theory.

Brainerd¹,

Reyna²,

Howe³

2009

Psychological Review

182

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link IN PRESS: Psychological Review AbstractOne of the most extensively investigated topics in the adult memory literature, dual memory processes, has had virtually no impact on the study of early memory development. We remove the key obstacles to such research by formulating a trichotomous theory of recall that combines the traditional dual processes of recollection and familiarity with a reconstruction process. The theory is then embedded in a hidden Markov model that measures all three processes with low-burden tasks that are appropriate for even young children. These techniques are applied to a large corpus of developmental studies of recall, yielding stable findings about the emergence of dual memory processes between childhood and young adulthood and generating tests of many theoretical predictions. The techniques are extended to the study of healthy aging and to the memory sequelae of common forms of cognitive impairment, resulting in a theoretical framework that is unified over four major domains of memory research: early development, mainstream adult research, aging, and cognitive impairment. The techniques are also extended to recognition, creating a unified dual-process framework for recall and recognition.Keywords: memory development, dual memory processes, aging, cognitive impairment, hidden Markov models Trichotomous Processes in Early Memory Development, Aging, and Cognitive Impairment:A Unified Theory This paper has three objectives. The first is to resolve a fundamental problem in memory development research; the second is to apply that solution to a large corpus of developmental studies of recall; and the third is to extend the solution to memory changes that occur during healthy aging and in certain forms of cognitive impairment. The problem in question is the scant impact that dual-process distinctions have had on the study of early (child-to-young-adult) memory development. The result is a dramatic disparity in knowledge about dual memory processes in adults, which is vast, versus knowledge about how those processes first evolve, which is thin and inconsistent. Our solution, as will be seen, is (a) to propose a trichotomous theory of recall that subsumes traditional dual-process distinctions, (b) to implement that theory in a low-burden family of tasks that are appropriate for even very young children, and (c) to show that a new mathematical model of those tasks can be used to measure the development of trichotomous memory processes and to test theoretical predictions about them. Concerning the second objective, we show that an attractive feature of this solution is that a developmental data base exists that can be analyzed with the model, thereby closing the gap in knowledge about early memory development. With respect to the third objective, unlike early development, the study of memory changes during aging and in cognitive impairment have been strong...

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“…In addition, FTT suggests that because children are less likely to extract the gist of an experience than adults, they should be less susceptible to false memories. Indeed, memory studies have reliably shown that children are less able to link meaning to information and less likely to extract relationship between different parts of information within an experience than adults (see Bjorklund, 1987Bjorklund, , 2005Esposito, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, children's and adults' false memories vary in the degree of automaticity of associative activation which in turn is driven by developments in children's knowledge base (Howe, 2005;Howe & Wilkinson, 2011;Otgaar, Candel, Scoboria, & Merckelbach, 2010;Otgaar, Smeets, & Peters, 2012). False memory rates increase with age because children gain knowledge and experience through learning, practice, and exposure to new information which results in a better integrated memory network of conceptual representations and associative relations among concepts (Bjorklund, 1987(Bjorklund, , 2005.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The production of spontaneous false memories across childhood

Otgaar

Howe

Peters

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link IN PRESS: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology AbstractWe found evidence that the usual developmental trends in children's spontaneous false memories were eliminated using novel stimuli containing obvious themes. That is, children created more false memories than adults when scenes had to be remembered. In Experiment 1, 7/8-year-olds had higher false memory rates than adults when using visual scenes. Experiment 2 showed that gist cuing could not account for this effect. In Experiment 3, children and adults received visual scenes and story contexts in which these scenes were embedded. For both types of stimuli, we found that children had the highest false memory rates. Our results indicate that the underlying theme of these scenes is easily identified resulting in our developmental false memory trend.

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How age changes in knowledge base contribute to the development of children's memory: An interpretive review

Cited by 303 publications

References 86 publications

Grouping, semantic relation and imagery effects in individuals with Down syndrome

Grouping, semantic relation and imagery effects in individuals with Down syndrome

Trichotomous processes in early memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: A unified theory.

The production of spontaneous false memories across childhood

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