How accurately, reproducibly, and efficiently can we measure left ventricular indices using M-mode, 2-dimensional, and 3-dimensional echocardiography in children?

Lu, Xiuzhang; Xie, Mingxing; Tomberlin, David; Klas, Berthold; Nadvoretskiy, Vyacheslav; Ayres, Nancy A.; Towbin, Jeffrey A.; Ge, Shuping

doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.11.034

Cited by 76 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…LV diastolic volumes and mass by matrix-array 3D echo compared well to those measurements by MRI. As compared to previous reports in adults [13][14][15][16] and older children, 5,17,18 these findings are unique given the young age and small size of the patients and, hence, much smaller LVs. LV EDVs and mass also were small for BSA (ie, in patients with LV hypoplasia or critical aortic stenosis).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Previous studies have shown that 3D echo can be successfully performed with adequate image quality in the majority of children without sedation or general anesthesia. 18,23 Nonetheless, feasibility studies need to be done in pediatric patients who are awake or under conscious sedation. Clinical application will best be used in more conventional clinical settings.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of 3D Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Volumes, Mass, and Ejection Fraction in Neonates and Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Friedberg

Tworetzky

et al. 2010

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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Background-Quantitative assessment and validation of left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass in neonates and infantswith complex congenital heart disease (CHD) is important for clinical management but has not been undertaken. We compared matrix-array 3D echocardiography (3D echo) measurements of volumes, mass, and ejection fraction (EF) with those measured by cardiac MRI in young patients with CHD and small LVs because of either young age or LV hypoplasia. Methods and Results-Thirty-five patients aged Ͻ4 years (median, 0.8 years) undergoing MRI were prospectively enrolled. Three-dimensional echo was acquired immediately after MRI, and volume, mass, and EF measurements, using summation of discs methodology, were compared with MRI.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of 3D Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Volumes, Mass, and Ejection Fraction in Neonates and Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Friedberg

Tworetzky

et al. 2010

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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“…3,4,10,15,16 In accordance with these studies, our results show that real-time 3D echocardiography-derived volumes and areas are significantly smaller than actual measurements. confidence interval.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…[3][4][5][6][7] Unfortunately, there are little data regarding the validity, accuracy, and reproducibility of real-time 3D echocardiography for small cardiac structures in the neonatal and infant heart. [8][9][10] From a clinical aspect, measurements within this age group are the most important with respect to the need for far-reaching decisions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relevant underestimation of 3D volumes has been reported in other automatic software tools, and parallel comparisons showed that the results obtained by different automatic tools did not differ significantly. 3,4,[18][19][20] However, automatic tools for quantitative analysis of 3D data sets are highly desirable because manual analysis of 3D data is extremely timeconsuming and impractical.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variables Influencing the Accuracy of 2‐Dimensional and Real‐time 3‐Dimensional Echocardiography for Assessment of Small Volumes, Areas, and Distances

Herberg

Brand

Bernhardt

et al. 2011

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the validity, accuracy, and reproducibility of real‐time 3‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography for small distances, areas, and volumes. Methods Real‐time 3D echocardiography using matrix technology was performed in small calibrated tissue‐mimicking phantoms and compared with 2‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography. In a systematic variation of variables on data acquisition and analysis including different 3D workstations (manual disk summation versus semiautomatic border detection), the relative contributions of sources of errors were determined. The clinical relevance of the in vitro findings was assessed in 5 neonates and infants. Results Distance calculation was valid (mean relative error ± SD, −0.15% ± 1.2%). Underestimation of areas and volumes was significant for both 2D and 3D echocardiography (area: 2D, −7.0% ± 2.9%; 3D, −6.0% ± 2.8%; volume: 2D, −13.1% ± 4.5%; 3D, −6.7% ± 2.5%; P < .05). Adjustment of compression and gain on data acquisition (difference of the means: 2D, 11.6%; 3D, 17.9%), gain on postprocessing (3D, 3.4%), and the border detection algorithm on analysis (2D, 4.8%; 3D, 16.6%) had a highly significant effect on volume and area calculations (P < .001). In vivo, compression and gain on acquisition (3D, 19.1%) and the 3D workstation on analysis (3D, 22.2%) had a highly significant impact on left ventricular volumetry (P < .001). Conclusions Real‐time 3D echocardiography is a reliable method for calculation of small distances, areas, and volumes comparable with the size of the neonatal and infant heart. Variables influencing boundary identification during image acquisition and analysis have a significant impact on 2D and 3D area and volume calculations. Standardized protocols are mandatory to avoid these sources of error in both clinical practice and research.

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Echocardiographic Assessment of the Transitional Circulation

Ashrafi

Altit

2021

Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

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How accurately, reproducibly, and efficiently can we measure left ventricular indices using M-mode, 2-dimensional, and 3-dimensional echocardiography in children?

Cited by 76 publications

References 36 publications

Validation of 3D Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Volumes, Mass, and Ejection Fraction in Neonates and Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Validation of 3D Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Volumes, Mass, and Ejection Fraction in Neonates and Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Variables Influencing the Accuracy of 2‐Dimensional and Real‐time 3‐Dimensional Echocardiography for Assessment of Small Volumes, Areas, and Distances

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Transitional Circulation

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