How 4.5 Million Irish Immigrants Became 40 Million Irish Americans: Demographic and Subjective Aspects of the Ethnic Composition of White Americans

Hout, Michael; Goldstein, Joshua R.

doi:10.2307/2096133

Cited by 119 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…States, so much intermarriage had taken place among the descendants of European immigrants who arrived in the late 1800s and early 1900s that most white Americans could choose among multiple ancestries or ethnic identities (Alba 1990;Hout and Goldstein 1994;Waters 1990). For such individuals, ethnicity became subjective, situational, and largely symbolic, and the social boundaries between these ethnic groups were almost completely erased.…”

Section: Intermarriage and Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such individuals, ethnicity became subjective, situational, and largely symbolic, and the social boundaries between these ethnic groups were almost completely erased. Consequently, intermarriage has been a fundamental source of ethnic flux and leakage in American society (Lieberson and Waters 1988, Hout and Goldstein 1994, Perlmann and Waters 2007.…”

Section: Intermarriage and Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interethnic marriages and their economic effects

Furtado¹,

Trejo²

2013

International Handbook on the Economics of Migration

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ABSTRACT Interethnic Marriages and their Economic Effects *Immigrants who marry outside of their ethnicity tend to have better economic outcomes than those who marry within ethnicity. It is difficult, however, to interpret this relationship because individuals with stronger preferences for ethnic endogamy are likely to differ in unobserved ways from those with weaker preferences. To clarify some of the complex issues surrounding interethnic marriage and assimilation, this chapter starts by considering the determinants of intermarriage, proceeds with an examination of the economic consequences of intermarriage, and ends with a discussion of the links between intermarriage, ethnic identification, and measurement of long-term socioeconomic integration.JEL Classification: J12, J15, J61

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Section: Intermarriage and Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intermarriage and Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interethnic marriages and their economic effects

Furtado¹,

Trejo²

2013

International Handbook on the Economics of Migration

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“…7 Following previous studies of racial reclassification in Brazil, the residual method is used below to make inferences about the number of individuals that have changed their racial self-identification over their life course between two consecutive censuses. This technique has been used to investigate racial and ethnic reclassification in different societies, such as in the study of preference for whiteness in Puerto Rico (Loveman and Muniz 2007), the growth of the Irish and Native-American populations in the United States (Hout and Goldstein 1994;Passel 1976Passel , 1997, and the decline of the Mexicanorigin population in that same country (Alba and Islam 2009).…”

Section: Analytic Strategy and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A resurgence of black identity in Brazil? Evidence from an analysis of recent censuses

Miranda¹

2015

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDThe second half of the 20th century brought a sharp increase in the number of people self-identifying as "brown" in the Brazilian Censuses. Previous studies have demonstrated that this was not the result of demographic forces, such as differential birth rates, but of a large number of people changing their response in the censuses from "black" or "white" to "brown". Despite the increased black political activism of the last two decades, whether this historical pattern of racial reclassification continued after 1990 has not yet been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVEThis study investigates if the increase in identity politics by the Brazilian black movement since the 1990s was associated with a number of people changing their answers in the census from non-black to black. METHODSThe residual method is used to estimate a counterfactual scenario: what the distribution of the population by race would look like in the 2000 and 2010 censuses if no racial reclassification had occurred during the 1990s and 2000s. RESULTSThe "black" category experienced net gains of 2.2 million and 3.1 million newly reclassified members in the 2000 and 2010 censuses, respectively. By 2010 at least one in every three people in the black population was a newly reclassified black. The increase was particularly strong among males and the younger generations.

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“…Analysis has shown that observed growth exceeds by far the expected growth due to natural increase (births minus deaths), even after the data quality variations and the legislative changes have Aboriginal populations of the United States (Passel, 1997), Australia (Ross, 1996) and New Zealand (Pool, 1991) have also experienced rapid demographic growth during the 80s and 90s largely driven by shifts in self-reporting of Aboriginality. There is no definitive answer to explain these shifts, beyond the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish fixed identities and stable boundaries in the delineation of ethnic or cultural groups (Eschbach, 1995;Hout and Goldstein, 1994;Lieberson and Waters, 1988). After documenting a similar situation in the United States among American Indians, Passel (1997) 19851986198719881989199119931994199619992000Cumulative Registrations (X 1000 awareness and self-confidence, which has contributed to a raising of North American Indian consciousness in certain individuals who had heretofore not identified with this culture.…”

Section: Changes In Self-reporting Of Aboriginalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no definitive answer to explain these shifts, beyond the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish fixed identities and stable boundaries in the delineation of ethnic or cultural groups (Eschbach, 1995;Hout and Goldstein, 1994;Lieberson and Waters, 1988). After documenting a similar situation in the United States among American Indians, Passel (1997) 19851986198719881989199119931994199619992000Cumulative Registrations (X 1000 awareness and self-confidence, which has contributed to a raising of North American Indian consciousness in certain individuals who had heretofore not identified with this culture.…”

Section: Changes In Self-reporting Of Aboriginalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting the growth of Canada's Aboriginal populations: problems, options and implications

Guimond

Kerr

Beaujot

2004

CSP

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Toward the end of the 20 th century, the number of persons reporting Aboriginal ancestry in the Canadian Census increased in a rather dramatic manner. For example, in the 2001 Canadian Census, over 1.3 million Canadians reported an Aboriginal origin, which is an increase of about 20 percent over the previous census in 1996. Given that much confusion and inadequate information characterises public discussions of the demographics of Canada's Aboriginal population, this paper will review the most fundamental data sources and definitions that have been used in documenting the characteristics of this population, as well as outline some of the most important obstacles to be faced in enacting meaningful quantitative research in this context.

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How 4.5 Million Irish Immigrants Became 40 Million Irish Americans: Demographic and Subjective Aspects of the Ethnic Composition of White Americans

Cited by 119 publications

References 16 publications

Interethnic marriages and their economic effects

Interethnic marriages and their economic effects

A resurgence of black identity in Brazil? Evidence from an analysis of recent censuses

Charting the growth of Canada's Aboriginal populations: problems, options and implications

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