How 100‐m event analyses improve our understanding of world‐class men's and women's sprint performance

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the force (F)-velocity (v)-power (P)-time (t) relationships of female and male world-class sprinters. A total of 100 distance-time curves (50 women and 50 men) were computed from international 100-m finals, to determine the acceleration and deceleration phases of each race: (a) mechanical variables describing the velocity, force, and power output; and (b) F-P-v relationships and associated maximal power output, theoretical force and velocity produced by each athlete (P , F , and V ). The results showed that the maximal sprint velocity (V ) and mean power output (W/kg) developed over the entire 100 m strongly influenced 100-m performance (r > -0.80; P ≤ 0.001). With the exception of mean force (N/kg) developed during the acceleration phase or during the entire 100 m, all of the mechanicals variables observed over the race were greater in men. Shorter acceleration and longer deceleration in women may explain both their lower V and their greater decrease in velocity, and in turn their lower performance level, which can be explained by their higher V and its correlation with performance. This highlights the importance of the capability to keep applying horizontal force to the ground at high velocities.

The Influence of Applied Blood Flow Restriction Cuffs on Kinematics of Submaximal Sprinting

“…A previous study reported that sprinting performance was improved by submaximal (60-70% of the maximal speed in the 100-m sprint) sprint training with BFR [11]. Based on the relationship between average and maximal running speeds in the 100-m race (e.g., 10 m/s on average and 11.2 m/s at the maximum) [14], 75-85% of the average speed of their best record of the 100-m race can be considered as 67-76% of the maximal speed. While the range of running speeds in our study was slightly higher than that in the previous study [11], the participants (sprinters) in this study comfortably performed submaximal sprinting at 75-85% of the average speed of their best record of the 100-m race rather than the lower speed range based on the pilot test.…”

How to Run 100 Meters

“…When the duration of the race is longer than 3mn, the maximal valueσ ofV O2 is reached, σ is a decreasing function of time at the end of the race or an increasing linear function of energy, and therefore (22) implies that v is increasing again.…”

“…Here, we use the data of [10] to produce the velocity curve andV O2 curve in Figure 6. Again, we can derive information from (22): when in the part whereV O2 is linearly increasing, on the singular arc we have (17) with α > 0 and the velocity is decreasing; on the part where σ is constant, the velocity is constant, and when σ is linearly decreasing, we have (17) with α < 0 and the velocity is increasing so that there is a final sprint. The very last points where the velocity decreases again are due to the zero energy part at the end of the optimization.…”

“…The recently published works [21,22] model the velocity curve in a 100m as a double exponential v(t) = v max (e −t/τ1 − e −t/τ2 ), and they fit the parameters τ 1 and τ 2 to match real curves. This is indeed very close to the real velocity curves, but the authors do not provide an explanation of their modeling.…”

Análisis de la carrera de 100 metros lisos mediante la evaluación del deportista con sistema láser y plantillas instrumentadas

“…Para que un atleta sea capaz de mantener la máxima velocidad hasta el final de la carrera, unos altos niveles de producción de fuerza y potencia son necesarios si se quiere vencer a la fatiga y las alteraciones neuronales (Slawinski et al, 2017). Pese a ello se ha expuesto en la literatura científica un descenso de variables como la fuerza horizontal media (Girard, Brocherie, Tomazin, Farooq y Morin, 2016;Slawinski et al, 2017) o la potencia media (Slawinski et al, 2017 En Slawinski et al (2017) las fuerzas horizontales medias y la potencia media en la fase de deceleración fueron significativamente mayores en los hombres que en las mujeres (p≤ 0.001), tanto en Newtons (N) como en porcentaje respecto al peso corporal (%BW).…”