Hovering UAV-Based FSO Communications: Channel Modelling, Performance Analysis, and Parameter Optimization

Wang, Jin‐Yuan; Ma, Yang; Lu, Ruqian; Wang, Junbo; Lin, Min; Cheng, Julian

doi:10.1109/jsac.2021.3088656

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Thus,

and

vary between 25 and 30 for heights between 300 m and 1000 m, leading to

, which corresponds to a very weak turbulence condition. In addition, we consider a jitter of

cm [ 58 ] to model the pointing error.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

Álvarez-Roa

Martín-Vega

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this paper we investigate the application of free space optical (FSO) communications, energy harvesting, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as key technology enablers of a cost-efficient backhaul/fronthaul framework for 5G and beyond (5G+) networks. This novel approach is motivated by several facts. First, the UAVs, acting as relay nodes, represent an easy-to-deploy and adaptive network that can provide line-of-sight between the base stations and the gateways connected to the core network. Second, FSO communications offer high data rates between the UAVs and the network nodes, while avoiding any potential interference with the 5G radio access networks. Third, energy harvesting in the optical domain has the potential to extend the UAVs’ battery life. Nevertheless, the presence of atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric attenuation, and pointing errors in the FSO links severely degrades their performance. For this reason an accurate yet tractable modelling framework is required to fully understand whether an UAV-FSO backhaul/fronthaul network with energy harvesting can be applied. To this end, we consider a composite channel attenuation model that includes the effect of turbulence fading, pointing errors, and atmospheric attenuation. Using this model, we derive analytical closed-form expressions of the average harvested energy as a function of the FSO link parameters. These expressions can be used to improve energy harvesting efficiency in FSO link design. We have applied our proposed expressions to evaluate the energy harvested in vertical FSO links for a variety of real scenarios under a modified on-off keying (OOK) scheme optimized for energy harvesting. From the simulations carried out in this paper, we demonstrate that significant values of harvested energy can be obtained. Such performance enhancement can complement the existing deployment charging stations.

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“…Thus,

and

vary between 25 and 30 for heights between 300 m and 1000 m, leading to

, which corresponds to a very weak turbulence condition. In addition, we consider a jitter of

cm [ 58 ] to model the pointing error.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

Álvarez-Roa

Martín-Vega

et al. 2022

Sensors

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show abstract

“…For the derivation of the channel model in this study for signals impaired by angular fluctuations, we have searched the hovering UAV literature extensively. In this regard, some of the important references are [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For a more high-level understanding of free-space optical communications in space, reference [20] provides a good survey of the current state-of-the-art.…”

Section: A Background Literature Review and Motivation For Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Positioning of Hovering UAV Relays for Mitigation of Pointing Error in Free-Space Optical Communications

Bashir

Alouini

2022

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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The relay positions or hop distances in a multihop relaying scheme is an important parameter that can be optimized in order to mitigate the angle-of-arrival variance or pointing error in a free-space optical (FSO) backhaul link. In this study, we have optimized the relay positions for amplify-andforward and decode-and-forward relays in a multi-hop unmanned aerial vehicle-based relaying scheme for FSO. Particularly, we have shown that a significant performance improvement may be achieved by optimizing the outage probability as a function of the hop distance for amplify-and-forward relays when the relays are constrained by a finite power gain. Additionally, we have discovered that for a low signal-to-noise ratio channel, the optimal hop distance of a particular hop for decode-and-forward relays is inversely proportional to angle-of-arrival variance in that hop.

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“…Both techniques of RF and millimeter-wave have lower capacity and higher probability of intercept than FSO communication, where the light wave has a higher carrier frequency (Chand et al 2010). The UAV-Based FSO systems analysis in terms of channel modeling, performance analysis, and parameter optimization was deeply investigated (Najafi et al 2020;Dabiri et al 2020;Khankalantary et al 2020;Wang et al 2021;Dabiri et al 2018Dabiri et al , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

2022

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The challenge of tracking unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is arising out of increasing their market and spread usage in many applications. Miscuing UAVs can lead to potential threats as they are considered an essential part of national security. One of the major issues in communication with UAVs is the enormous amount of data generated by UAVs that requires a high data rate link, making the free space optics (FSO) communication, with very high bandwidth, an appropriate choice. Consequently, current developments in UAVs have provided new horizons for establishing UAV-based FSO links. However, FSO is a narrow line of sight (LoS) technology that is highly affected by the misalignment between the transmitter and receiver. So, tracking mechanisms are of vital importance when considering UAV-based FSO communication systems. This paper addresses coarse to fine pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) approaches and the recently developed tracking approaches to establish a reliable link for communication. Also, the various approaches are discussed and compared for precise alignment between the ground station and its associated UAV, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Current challenges and future research directions are addressed and integrated by combining different ideas.

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Hovering UAV-Based FSO Communications: Channel Modelling, Performance Analysis, and Parameter Optimization

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

Optimal Positioning of Hovering UAV Relays for Mitigation of Pointing Error in Free-Space Optical Communications

A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

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