“…In theory, a satellite town should be able to be selfsupporting, selfresourcing, and selfsufficient. However, in reality, Tongzhou has been transformed from a satellite town into a dormitory town due to the job-housing imbalance issue, partly caused by unaffordable house prices (Housing affordability has already been identified as a social issue (Edwards, 2016); however, it has not been recognized and/or analysed together with the joint effects of transport and housing costs (Cao and Hickman, 2018;Guerra and Kirschen, 2016;Liu et al, 2020)) in the central area of Beijing, as well as generating a high ''tidal traffic flow" at peak times between Tongzhou and Guomao (Central Business District in Beijing). In an attempt to mitigate this problem and relieve some of the pressure on Beijing, the BMG has moved a number of state-owned companies, schools, hospitals and industries to Tongzhou.…”