Housekeeping and tissue-specific genes in mouse tissues

Abstract

BackgroundThis study aims to characterize the housekeeping and tissue-specific genes in 15 mouse tissues by using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) strategy which indicates the relative level of expression for each transcript matched to the tag.ResultsHere, we identified constantly expressed housekeeping genes, such as eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2, which is expressed in all tissues without significant difference in expression levels. Moreover, most of these genes were not regulated by experimental conditions such as steroid hormones, adrenalectomy and gonadectomy. In addition, we report previously postulated housekeeping genes such as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-actin, which are expressed in all the tissues, but with significant difference in their expression levels. We have also identified genes uniquely detected in each of the 15 tissues and other tissues from public databases.ConclusionThese identified housekeeping genes could represent appropriate controls for RT-PCR and northern blot when comparing the expression levels of genes in several tissues. The results reveal several tissue-specific genes highly expressed in testis and pituitary gland. Furthermore, the main function of tissue-specific genes expressed in liver, lung and bone is the cell defence, whereas several keratins involved in cell structure function are exclusively detected in skin and vagina. The results from this study can be used for example to target a tissue for agent delivering by using the promoter of tissue-specific genes. Moreover, this study could be used as basis for further researches on physiology and pathology of these tissues.

Mitochondrial MTHFD2L Is a Dual Redox Cofactor-specific Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/Methenyltetrahydrofolate Cyclohydrolase Expressed in Both Adult and Embryonic Tissues

“…The specificity of the reaction was verified by melt curve analysis. Relative expression values from embryos were calculated by normalizing to TBP (26), and values from adult tissues were normalized to eEF2 (27).…”

“…Gene Expression Profile of MTHFD Gene Family in Adult Mice-Expression of adult MTHFD genes from male and female mice was normalized to the expression of eEF2, a housekeeping gene that is stably expressed in a wide array of adult tissues (27). The MTHFD2L transcript was expressed in all of the tissues examined, with the highest expression observed in , and MTHFD2L () was determined by real-time PCR as described under "Experimental Procedures."…”

Reciprocal Regulation of Notch and Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) c1 Transactivation in Osteoblasts

“…mRNA copy number was estimated by comparison with a standard curve constructed using alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, type I collagen, osteopontin (all from ATCC), distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5; Open Biosystems, Huntsville, AL), Hey1 and Hey2 (both from T. Iso), Prkg2 (B. Hogema), NFATc1 (A. Rao), osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) (both from J. B. Lian, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA) cDNAs, and corrected for Rpl38 (ATCC) expression (23,36,37,55,56).…”

Linking transcriptomics and proteomics in spermatogenesis

“…This extreme differentiation process involves the functions of specific molecular factors, many of them expressed only during spermatogenesis. High-throughput tissue-profiling experiments thus regularly identify the testis as the organ that expresses the greatest number of tissue-specific genes and proteins (Chalmel et al 2007, Kouadjo et al 2007, Uhlen et al 2015. Similarly, the finding that the testis contains the highest number of alternative splicings (Xu et al 2002, Yeo et al 2004, Kan et al 2005, De la Grange et al 2010 indicates that what is true for genes and proteins also applies to isoforms.…”