Household Water Demand in Andorra: Impact of Individual Metering and Seasonality

Reynaud, Arnaud; Pons, Marc; Pesado, Cristina

doi:10.3390/w10030321

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These papers cover a large number of countries (Spain, France, Jordan, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Lithuania, Peru, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Colombia, India and Unites States of America). Some papers deal with the impact of water metering on residential water use (i.e., [46][47][48]), while others consider pricing policies (i.e., [49,50]), non-price policies (i.e., [51,52]) or the performance of water services (i.e., [53,54]). All selected papers contribute to a better understanding of residential water use, and they provide relevant results for policy-makers in charge of water management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Economic Analysis of Residential Water Use: An Introduction

Reynaud

Romano

2018

Water

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The aim of this Special Issue is to gather evidence on the impact of price policies (PP) and non-price policies (NPP) in shaping residential water use in a context of increased water scarcity. Indeed, a large body of the empirical economic literature on residential water demand has been devoted to measuring the impact of PP (water price increases, use of block rate pricing or peak pricing, etc.). The consensus is that the residential water demand is inelastic with respect to water price, but not perfectly. Given the low water price elasticity, pricing schemes may not always be effective tools for modifying household water behaviors. This is puzzling since increasing the water price is still viewed by public authorities as the most direct economic tool for inducing water conservation behaviors. Additional evidence regarding the use of PP in shaping residential water use is then required. More recently, it has been argued that residential consumers may react to NPP, such as water conservation programs, education campaigns, or smart metering. NPP are based on the idea that residential water users can implement strategies that will result in water savings via changing their individual behaviors. Feedback information based on smart water metering is an example of approach used by some water utilities. There are still large gaps in the knowledge on the residential water demand, and in particular on the impact of PP and NPP on residential water use, household water affordability and water service performance. These topics are addressed in this Special Issue “Advances in the Economic Analysis of Residential Water Use”.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Economic Analysis of Residential Water Use: An Introduction

Reynaud

Romano

2018

Water

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“…The results presented by Bergel et al (2016a) show some disproportions between the quarterly water consumption in the households noted in a four-year period, but these were especially related to the water consumption for additional purposes. Finally, Reynaud et al (2018) observed a strong quarterly seasonality of the water consumption in the case of single-family water users, in contrast to the multi-family water users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A New Approach to the Maximum Quarterly Water Consumption Modeling on the Example of Individual Water Consumers in a Small Water Supply System

Młyńska

Bergel²,

Młyński³

2021

RoczOchrSrod

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Quarterly water consumption data collected in a small water supply system were used for elaboration of a new water consumption modeling approach. In this paper, multi-distribution statistical analysis was performed. As the Anderson-Darling test proved, at least a half out of the ten tested theoretical probability distributions can be used for description of the water consumption. The application of the PWRMSE criterion made it possible to determine, which of the tested theoretical distributions is the best-fitted to the empirical data set. In the case of total daily water consumption for the group of the households, it was Johnson distribution, whereas for the average daily water consumption per capita, it was GEV distribution. Based on the best-fitted probability distribution, a 25-year water consumption simulation with the Monte Carlo method was conducted. Because methodology of this study is based on the probability distributions, even if the type of theoretical distribution of the water consumption will change, it will be still possible to use this simulation method by assuming the other distribution.

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“…Seasonal water supply for domestic consumption is a significant concern that affects water demand in households [1]. Ensuring a sustainable water supply to the world's population between now and 2030 is a major challenge because of the current depletion of water resources and increasing global population size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of Rainy and Dry Season Per Capita Water Consumption in Freetown City Sierra Leone

Memon

Butler

2021

Water

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Ensuring a sustainable urban water supply for developing/low-income countries requires an understanding of the factors affecting water consumption and technical evidence of individual consumption which can be used to design an improved water demand projection. This paper compared dry and rainy season water sources available for consumption and the end-use volume by each person in the different income groups. The study used a questionnaire survey to gather household data for a total of 398 households, which was analysed to develop the relationship between per capita water consumption characteristics: Socio-economic status, demographics, water use behaviour around indoor and outdoor water use activities. In the per capita water consumption patterns of Freetown, a seasonal variation was found: In the rainy season, per capita water consumption was found to be about 7% higher than the consumption for the full sample, whilst in the dry season, per capita water consumption was almost 14% lower than the full survey. The statistical analysis of the data shows that the average per capita water consumption for both households increases with income for informal slum-, low-, middle- and high-income households without piped connection (73, 78, 94 and 112 L/capita/day) and with connection (91, 97, 113 and 133 L/capita/day), respectively. The collected data have been used to develop 20 statistical models using the multiple linear stepwise regression method for selecting the best predictor variable from the data set. It can be seen from the values that the strongest significant relationships of per capita consumption are with the number of occupants (R = −0.728) in the household and time spent to fetch water for use (R = −0.711). Furthermore, the results reveal that the highest fraction of end use is showering (18%), then bathing (16%), followed by toilet use (14%). This is not in agreement with many developing countries where toilet use represents the largest component of indoor end use.

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Household Water Demand in Andorra: Impact of Individual Metering and Seasonality

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Advances in the Economic Analysis of Residential Water Use: An Introduction

Advances in the Economic Analysis of Residential Water Use: An Introduction

A New Approach to the Maximum Quarterly Water Consumption Modeling on the Example of Individual Water Consumers in a Small Water Supply System

Seasonal Variation of Rainy and Dry Season Per Capita Water Consumption in Freetown City Sierra Leone

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