Household transmissibility of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, China, February to May 2013 and October 2013 to March 2014

Yang, Yong; Zhang, Y.; Fang, Li‐Qun; Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Ma, Menegus; Liang, Shaojun; Kenah, Eben; Britton, Tom; Chen, E.; Hu, Jiayu; Tang, Fenyang; Cao, Wu‐Chun; Feng, Zijian; Longini, Ira M.

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.10.21056

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…H7N9 viruses appear to be more readily transmissible from animals to humans than H5N1 viruses, although human-to-human transmission continues to be limited (186,701,702). As of May 2015, H7N9 viruses had caused a total of 657 laboratoryconfirmed human cases, including 261 deaths among civilians who had been exposed mostly in LPMs (173,(187)(188)(189)703).…”

Section: Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY This comprehensive review outlines the impact of military-relevant respiratory infections, with special attention to recruit training environments, influenza pandemics in 1918 to 1919 and 2009 to 2010, and peacetime operations and conflicts in the past 25 years. Outbreaks and epidemiologic investigations of viral and bacterial infections among high-risk groups are presented, including (i) experience by recruits at training centers, (ii) impact on advanced trainees in special settings, (iii) morbidity sustained by shipboard personnel at sea, and (iv) experience of deployed personnel. Utilizing a pathogen-by-pathogen approach, we examine (i) epidemiology, (ii) impact in terms of morbidity and operational readiness, (iii) clinical presentation and outbreak potential, (iv) diagnostic modalities, (v) treatment approaches, and (vi) vaccine and other control measures. We also outline military-specific initiatives in (i) surveillance, (ii) vaccine development and policy, (iii) novel influenza and coronavirus diagnostic test development and surveillance methods, (iv) influenza virus transmission and severity prediction modeling efforts, and (v) evaluation and implementation of nonvaccine, nonpharmacologic interventions.

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Section: Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

et al. 2015

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“…to measure virus shedding as previously described (20). Three additional ferrets inoculated with 10 6 PFU of each virus were euthanized day 3 p.i. for the assessment of virus replication and systemic spread as previously described (21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asymptomatic H7N9 virus-infected chickens appear to be central to the persistence and expansion of this outbreak (3); accordingly, poultry contact and visitation of live poultry markets has been linked with H7N9 virus infection (4,5), and the closure of live poultry markets has been associated with a decline of new human infections in 2013 and 2014 (6,7). Limited family clusters of H7N9 virus infection have been reported (8,9), but human-tohuman transmission has remained a rarely documented and unsustainable event (10), while human infections continue to occur following exposure to H7N9 viruses circulating in avian reservoirs (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian Pathogenesis and Transmission of H7N9 Influenza Viruses from Three Waves, 2013-2015

Belser

Creager

Sun

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Three waves of human infection with H7N9 influenza viruses have concluded to date, but only viruses within the first wave (iso-lated IMPORTANCE H7N9 influenza viruses, first isolated in 2013, continue to cause human infection and represent an ongoing public health threat.Now entering the fourth wave of human infection, H7N9 viruses continue to exhibit genetic diversity in avian hosts, necessitating continuous efforts to monitor their pandemic potential. However, viruses isolated post-2013 have not been extensively studied, limiting our understanding of potential changes in virus-host adaptation. In order to ensure that current research with firstwave H7N9 viruses still pertains to more recently isolated strains, we compared the relative virulence and transmissibility of H7N9 viruses isolated during the second and third waves, through 2015, in the mouse and ferret models. Our finding that second-and third-wave viruses generally exhibit disease in mammals comparable to that of first-wave viruses strengthens our ability to extrapolate research from the 2013 viruses to current public health efforts. These data further contribute to our understanding of molecular determinants of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and tropism.

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“…Infectious diseases have different basic reproductive ratios ( R 0 ). For example, that for H1N1 is approximately 1.8 ( De Silva et al, 2009 ), that for H7N9 is between 0.6 and 2.5 ( Yang et al, 2015 ) and that for norovirus is between 5.3 and 9.3 ( Lee et al, 2011 ). R 0 influences not only infection spread in a city, but also the infection severity between the downstream city and the source city.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased infection severity in downstream cities in infectious disease transmission and tourists surveillance analysis

Zhang

Zhao

2019

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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a b s t r a c tInfectious disease severely threatens human life. Human mobility and travel patterns influence the spread of infection between cities and countries. We find that the infection severity in downstream cities during outbreaks is related to transmission rate, recovery rate, travel rate, travel duration and the average number of person-to-person contacts per day. The peak value of the infected population in downstream cities is slightly higher than that in source cities. However, as the number of cities increases, the severity increase percentage during outbreaks between end and source cities is constant. The surveillance of important nodes connecting cities, such as airports and train stations, can help delay the occurrence time of infection outbreaks. The city-entry surveillance of hub cities is not only useful to these cities, but also to cities that are strongly connected (i.e., have a high travel rate) to them. The city-exit surveillance of hub cities contributes to other downstream cities, but only slightly to itself. Surveillance conducted in hub cities is highly efficient in controlling infection transmission. Only strengthening the individual immunity of frequent travellers is not efficient for infection control. However, reducing the number of person-toperson contacts per day effectively limits the spread of infection.

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Household transmissibility of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, China, February to May 2013 and October 2013 to March 2014

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

Mammalian Pathogenesis and Transmission of H7N9 Influenza Viruses from Three Waves, 2013-2015

Increased infection severity in downstream cities in infectious disease transmission and tourists surveillance analysis

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