Household greywater treatment methods using natural materials and their hybrid system

Wurochekke, Anwaruddin Ahmed; Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin; Atiku, Hauwa; Amir, H.; Matias-Peralta, Hazel Monica

doi:10.2166/wh.2016.054

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Na and K elements were quite high in the greywater, but no standard limits are regulated for these elements. These results are in agree with that reported by Wurochekke et al [14] who found that the NH 3 -in households greywater was in average of 3.83 mg L -1 . It has to mention that most of the nitrogen and phosphorus from households are contained in the urine which should go together with faces in the black water.…”

Section: Quality Of Raw Bathroom Greywatersupporting

confidence: 94%

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Removal of nutrients and organic pollutants from household greywater by phycoremediation for safe disposal

Mohamed

Al-Gheethi

Aznin

et al. 2017

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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The present study aimed to investigate the potential for application of phycoremediation system using Botryococcus sp. for the treatment of bathroom greywater at village houses. The greywater samples were obtained from four houses. The treatment system was conducted at ambient temperature for 21 days. Botryococcus sp. (Accession No. JQ585723.1) was inoculated into the greywater in a dry mass (0.3 mg L -1 ). The results revealed high effectiveness of the treatment system. The maximum reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) from four types of greywater ranged from 85.3 to 98%, while was between 71.22 and 85.47% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) after 21 days. The reduction of nitrate (NO 3 -) appeared rapidly within 18 days of the treatment period with 98% of the reduction efficiency. Reduction of ammonia (NH 3 ) and orthophosphate (PO4 3-) was recorded after 21 days with the efficiency ranged from 86.21 to 99 and 39.12 to 99.3%, respectively. The high removal percentage of potassium (K) (97%) recorded within 3 days, while calcium (Ca) reduction (95%) was noted at the end of the treatment period indicating the high applicability of phycoremediation system to be used in the village houses. Moreover, the system is easily implementable, very low cost where no energy is required, eco-friendly and has no toxic by-products.

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Section: Quality Of Raw Bathroom Greywatersupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Various cleaning products with different ingredients were used based on their availability in local market [13]. The common practice of greywater disposal is into the street drainage; these practices were also reported by Wurochekke et al [14,15].…”

Section: Quantity Of Greywater From Village Housesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Removal of nutrients and organic pollutants from household greywater by phycoremediation for safe disposal

Mohamed

Al-Gheethi

Aznin

et al. 2017

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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“…Therefore, to reduce the huge quantities of untreated wastewater discharged into the environment, an individual system fixed at each wet market and slaughterhouse location might contribute significantly to the requirements. Phycoremediation might be an alternative technology, because it is cheaper and more effective for removing nutrients compared to other methods (Kwarciak-Kozłowska et al 2014;Sethupathy et al 2015;Wurochekke et al 2016). The phycoremediation process is a microalgae-based technology where microalgae are inoculated into wastewater which acts a culture medium.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Wet Market Wastewater and Slaughterhouse mentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the utilisation of microalgae biomass derived from nutrient recycling of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater

2017

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Microalgae have high nutritional values for aquatic organisms compared to fish meal, because microalgae cells are rich in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. However, the high cost for the commercial production of microalgae biomass using fresh water or artificial media limits its use as fish feed. Few studies have investigated the potential of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater for the production of microalgae biomass. Hence, this study aims to highlight the potential of these types of wastewater as an alternative superior medium for microalgae biomass as they contain high levels of nutrients required for microalgae growth. This paper focuses on the benefits of microalgae biomass produced during the phycoremediation of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater as fish feed. The extraction techniques for lipids and proteins as well as the studies conducted on the use of microalgae biomass as fish feed were reviewed. The results showed that microalgae biomass can be used as fish feed due to feed utilisation efficiency, physiological activity, increased resistance for several diseases, improved stress response, and improved protein retention.

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“…activity. However, it should be noted that the light was not the sole source of energy, because microalgae can also use organic matter as a source for energy and carbon . This might explain the reduction in TOC concentrations during the phycoremediation process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in India, approximately 24% of domestic and industrial wastewater is treated, while only 2% is treated in Pakistan . The discharge of primary domestic wastewater into the environment represents one of the main sources of river pollution in Malaysia, due to the high contents of phosphorus and nitrogen, which cause the eutrophication of water bodies . The increase of nutrients in water bodies is associated with oxygen depletion and increases in turbidity and microbial growth .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Recovery from Domestic Effluent using an Indigenous Strain of Scenedesmus sp.

Mohamed

Al-Gheethi

Buyong

et al. 2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The performance of Scenedesmus sp. in the phycoremediation of domestic secondary effluents and the high-quality production of the effluents for safe disposal are investigated in the current work. An indigenous strain of Scenedesmus sp. is obtained from a sludge thickness basin at a wastewater treatment plant. The characteristics of this microalgae are identified using a molecular analysis based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequences. The phycoremediation process is conducted in a photoreactor tank (5 L) with five different concentrations of Scenedesmus sp. (between 10 5 and 10 6 cells mL À1 ). The reactors are then placed outdoors (exposed to natural environmental conditions) for 8 days. The Scenedesmus sp. had the ability to remove 91.86%, 98.15%, and 93.11% of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively, and reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solid (TSS) by 86.5%, 69.9%, and 76%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 6 cells mL À1 . Moreover, the increase in the pH value during microalgae activity contributed to the increases in nutrients and characteristics percentage removal. The treated secondary effluents generated from the phycoremediation process after 8 days met the EQA 1974 (Regulation 2009) sewage sludge (standard A) in terms of TN and TP but is still not under the permissible limits for BOD, COD, and TSS. In conclusion, an indigenous Scenedesmus sp. is efficient in enhancing the quality of secondary wastewater to meet the standards required for reuse or safe disposal.

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Household greywater treatment methods using natural materials and their hybrid system

Cited by 36 publications

References 78 publications

Removal of nutrients and organic pollutants from household greywater by phycoremediation for safe disposal

Removal of nutrients and organic pollutants from household greywater by phycoremediation for safe disposal

An overview of the utilisation of microalgae biomass derived from nutrient recycling of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater

Nutrient Recovery from Domestic Effluent using an Indigenous Strain of Scenedesmus sp.

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