Household fuels, low birth weight, and neonatal death in India: The separate impacts of biomass, kerosene, and coal

Epstein, Mollie; Bates, Michael; Arora, Narendra K.; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Jack, Darby; Smith, Kirk R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.006

Cited by 160 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Low birth weight is one of the most important factors associated with the NMR in different parts of the world (4,22,23), as well as different areas of Iran (24)(25)(26). The current study results also showed that low birth weight (less than 2500 g) increases the risk of death in the neonates by 32.6-fold.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Risk Factors Related to the Neonatal Mortality in Kurdistan Province, Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

et al. 2017

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Background: Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is one of the most important health indicators in the world. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the factors influencing neonatal mortality in Kurdistan province, Northwest of Iran. Methods: The current population-based case-control study was conducted in 2013. Cases were neonates who passed away within their first 28 days of life, in Kurdistan. The controls were selected among neonates who were born in the closest time and place to the case group. Data were collected using a questionnaire through interviews by a trained questioner. Chi-square, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. All analyses were conducted by SPSS version 19. Results: A significant difference was observed between the neonatal mortality and the place of residence, maternal education level, maternal passive smoking, age, neonate birth weight, type of delivery, and nutrition. Maternal passive smoking during the previous year, pregnancy interval of less than 3 years, placental abruption, age, birth weight, malformations, and asphyxia were the most important factors associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusions:To reduce the NMR, in addition to follow-up and application of national guidelines, other necessary factors including the regionalization of the maternal and neonatal cares, planning, and development of programs with the focus on the causes and risk factors of neonatal mortality in Kurdistan province should be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Risk Factors Related to the Neonatal Mortality in Kurdistan Province, Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

et al. 2017

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“…21,[27][28][29] Being the firstborn child was protective for child mortality while it was a risk factor for neonatal mortality in our study. Urban versus rural status was not predictive of mortality for either age group.…”

Section: Disclaimer Statementssupporting

confidence: 47%

“…21 In adjusted models, there were significant associations between exposure to kerosene and coal with neonatal mortality but there was not an association between exposure to biomass and neonatal mortality. As discussed previously, it is likely that the effect of solid fuels on mortality in the current study is driven by wood smoke, but since we did not separate the effects of the solid fuel group we cannot comment on whether our results confirm or contradict Epstein's findings on biomass and coal.…”

Section: Disclaimer Statementsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Although this has been addressed in several published studies, 17,[19][20] the recent recognition of the harmful effects of exposure to kerosene has raised questions about the magnitude of the effect of HAP on mortality when kerosene has been categorized as a clean fuel. 21,22 Therefore, we reevaluated the relationship between type of cooking fuel used in the household and neonatal and post-neonatal under-five mortality, comparing the effects of kerosene and solid fuels separately with clean fuels (electricity or gas) using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of household air pollution on child survival: evidence from demographic and health surveys in 47 countries

Kleimola

Patel

Borkar

et al. 2015

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Background: Over one-third of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution (HAP) but the separate effects of cooking with solid fuel and kerosene on childhood mortality are unclear. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of both solid fuels and kerosene on neonatal (0-28 days) and child (29 days-59 months) mortality. Methods: We used Demographic and Health Surveys from 47 countries and calculated adjusted relative risks (aRR) using Poisson regression models. Results: The aRR of neonatal and child mortality in households exposed to solid fuels were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.34) and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.30), respectively, and the aRR for neonatal and child mortality in households exposed to kerosene were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.52) and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.27), controlling for individual, household, and country-level predictors of mortality. Conclusions: Kerosene should not be classified as a clean fuel. Neonates are at risk for mortality from exposure to solid fuels and kerosene.

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“…Because an SHS has a minimal installed carbon footprint and solar energy is in almost inexhaustible supply in the foreseeable future, SHSs are likely to have more positive environmental impacts than fossil and biomass fuels. An SHS can replace kerosene lamps, which emit substantial amounts of fine particulates, carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NO x ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), all of which adversely effects indoor air quality [29]. These pollutants may cause impair lung function and increase infectious illness (including tuberculosis), asthma, and cancer risks [21].…”

Section: Health and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Impacts of Solar Home Systems in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Bangladesh

2017

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Abstract:As an alternative source of off-grid electric power, solar home systems (SHS) stand out above all other options (e.g., wind, hydro, geo-thermal, tidal systems) because of their wide-scale potential at latitudes less than 45 • north or south of the Equator where daily solar irradiance is more constant throughout the year and where the bulk of the Third World's population live. A questionnaire-based survey study was carried out in a rural area of Bangladesh to ascertain the impacts of SHSs on the lives of the rural population. The installation of an SHS was found to improve the comfort and living standard of rural dwellers. Easier access to TV, radio, cellphone, and the Internet helped the rural population become part of a more global culture. More attractive down-payment and installment package options will allow poor target groups to adopt this system. The standard of SHS components and after-sales service should be improved to ensure sustainably and popularity among the mass population for at least 10 years at minimal cost to the consumer. Our findings can also help policymakers adopt more SHS-friendly policies to further the interests of inhabitants of rural areas that are not connected to the grid.

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Household fuels, low birth weight, and neonatal death in India: The separate impacts of biomass, kerosene, and coal

Cited by 160 publications

References 39 publications

Risk Factors Related to the Neonatal Mortality in Kurdistan Province, Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Risk Factors Related to the Neonatal Mortality in Kurdistan Province, Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Consequences of household air pollution on child survival: evidence from demographic and health surveys in 47 countries

Social Impacts of Solar Home Systems in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Bangladesh

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