Household energy consumption in rural China: Historical development, present pattern and policy implication

Wu, Shimei; Zheng, Xunhua; You, Chaoying; Wei, Chu

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.265

Cited by 107 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It accounts for only 1.13% of local rural residents' household income and 1.78% of household expenditure. According to the Chinese Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2013 (CRECS 2013), coal accounts for about 15.1% [77]. According to the Chinese General Social Survey 2015 (CGSS 2015), coal accounts for about 11% [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residents’ Willingness for Centralized Biogas Production in Hebei and Shandong Provinces

Wang

Dogot

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Nowadays, in the North China Plain (NCP), most counties and suburban rural regions are promoting the "coal to gas" program under the situation of strong government support of large and medium-sized centralized biogas production (CBP) projects. This paper is aimed at the CBP projects, focuses on rural residents’ “willingness to use (WTU)”, “willingness to buy (WTB)” and the influencing factors for WTU/WTB. Through the analysis of rural residents from Hebei and Shandong provinces that belong to NCP in this survey, we find that 85% of respondents support the CBP program and the WTB is 63.15 CNY/year per capita, which is much lower than the cost of rural CBP in existing survey regions. The participation of rural residents is not only a manifestation of personal and family characteristics; understanding of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and household energy practices are more important. These non-economic factors seriously affect WTU/WTB. Hence, it is necessary to appropriately increase the government revenue to such projects, strengthen government guidance and publicity, improve the environmental knowledge and attitude of rural residents and guide residents’ practice. Based on a fully understanding of residents’ consumption decision mechanism, we establish a financial support mechanism due to the demand response, adopt a correct calculation for financial support, such as a reasonable subsidy rate, and seek the greatest commonality of cost, financial support, and demand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residents’ Willingness for Centralized Biogas Production in Hebei and Shandong Provinces

Wang

Dogot

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…However, some other studies indicated that the residential sector's energy consumption exhibits distinct sensitivities to climate as compared to the industrial and transportation sectors [45], and wind speed and precipitation serve as crucial predictors of climate-sensitive load [46]. Furthermore, the findings from the Chinese Residential Energy Consumption Survey (CRECS 2013) also illustrated the importance of geographic differences to household energy consumption, for instance, between hotter and colder climates [47].…”

Section: Literature Review and Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Tibet and Inner Mongolia, the energy sources that farmers and herdsmen use for production are mainly traditional biomass, such as dung and firewood [98]. Even though residential energy consumption in rural China is undergoing a transition from traditional biomass energy to modern commercial energy, for example, Yao et al (2012) [99] and Zhang et al (2009) [100] found that there is a substantial energy transition underway from solid fuel to commercial energy and biogas, the tradition biomass energy will continue dominating energy sources in rural areas [47].…”

Section: Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, we can find that there are different terms used for indicating the driving forces in the household energy consumption, for example, the indices of driving forces' determinants could be divided as "indirect factors" and "direct factors" from the perspective of influencing route [47,107] "socioeconomic factors" and "technical factors" from the perspective of the characters [81,109], or "external factors" and "inner factors" if the household was taken as an organic unit [68,102]. In our study, the reviewing analysis of the driving forces is conducted and presented from the perspective of "external factors" and "internal factors", which mainly because we consider the household energy consumption as a kind of individual decision-making, which means the household makes choices that maximize their well-being or utility under the constraints they face [110,111].…”

Section: Driving Forces: Determinants and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review

2019

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Household energy consumption has been a major contributor to the increase in global energy demand and carbon emission, and the household sector has also become one of the most crucial factors shaping the management of developments towards sustainability. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the household energy consumption in China. Due to the vast territory and the differences among regional conditions, it is critical to conduct a systemic review to illustrate the overall situation as well as the detailed mechanisms of the household energy consumption in China. By employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, two key features of the household energy consumption in China are presented; one is regarding the total amount and the structure of the household energy consumption, and the second is the significant urban-rural gap. The driving forces are investigated from the perspective of external determinants and internal determinants, which consist of seven key factors; finally, the transition roadmap towards the sustainable energy system for the household level are presented based on the text analysis from the four key policy documents. Weaknesses in the current research on the energy geography of household level also exist, such as the lack of single factor research and the lack of integration and comprehensive analysis. Therefore, future studies need to strengthen the research of regional household energy consumption structure, spatial-temporal process, and its motivation mechanism, and sustainable development of energy, so as to explore space-social structure of household energy consumption and spatial-temporal interaction.

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“…With the rapid development of economic society, rural energy is becoming more and more prominent in China's energy industry. Sustainable consumption of rural energy is the key element mattering rural economy development and famers' living standard, and also the primary task to guarantee the national energy security and put forward energy conservation [1,2] . With a huge amount of rural population and conventional biomass energy such as straw, core wood and the forth, indoor pollution and ecology environment damage is getting more and more severe [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rural Household Energy Consumption in Plateau Mountain Areas of Southwest China

Li¹,

Zuliang²

2019

IJEES

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Rural energy consumption of China is only about 20% to total energy consumption, but the consumer number has accounted for 70% of the population. Rural household energy is closely related to life quality of farmers and regional ecological environment, which concerns building a new socialist countryside, and occupies an important position in the national energy consumption system. Nowadays, the quantity and quality of rural life energy has been greatly improved, but environment pollution caused by burning of residue straw and extensive use of non-renewable fossil fuels is spread. Guiding the rural life energy consumption to a efficient, clean, environment-friendly direction is urgent. Southwest Plateau Mountain is one of the traditional geographical divisions in China, with abundant biomass resources and distinctive regional characteristics. However, few studies has been conducted to research the change of the rural life energy consumption structure in the region. Therefore, the spatial and temporal variation of rural life energy consumption was analyzed through the rural energy data from 1992 to 2017. The results showed that total consumption and per capita consumption of energy in rural life presented a step change characteristic of increasing firstly and then decreasing from 1992 to 2017 (the highest was in 2008). Total consumption and per capita consumption of rural life energy in 2017 increased by 3.64% and 65.13% respectively compared to 1992. Coal, straw, firewood are the main types of rural energy consumption in this area, gas, oil, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, coal gas and solar energy consumption ratio have improved to varying degrees with the evolution of the year. The proportion of commercial energy consumption increased from 30.05% in 1992 to 57.60% in 2017, reflecting the energy structure transforming from the traditional patterns to the diversification, utility and commercialization utilization pattern. The regional distribution of energy consumption intensity basically showed the characteristics of north high and south low, energy consumption structure, demonstrating significant regional differences. The largest energy consumption energy in Sichuan was firewood, and it was coal in Yunnan, Chongqing and Guizhou, and electricity in Tibet. Taking the complementary energy consumption mode of commercial energy and non-energy commercial energy according to local conditions, promoting the efficient and clean use of straw, firewood and solar energy will be the inevitable choice for sustainable development of rural energy in mountain plateau areas in Southwest China.

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Household energy consumption in rural China: Historical development, present pattern and policy implication

Cited by 107 publications

References 39 publications

Residents’ Willingness for Centralized Biogas Production in Hebei and Shandong Provinces

Residents’ Willingness for Centralized Biogas Production in Hebei and Shandong Provinces

Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review

Study on Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rural Household Energy Consumption in Plateau Mountain Areas of Southwest China

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