Household clustering of gastroenteritis

Leder, Karin; Sinclair, Martha Irvine; Forbes, Andrew Benjamin; Wain, David

doi:10.1017/s0950268809990124

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Although presence of concurrent symptoms among householders was reported previously, 8 – 10 , 35 many of the relevant studies were performed in the setting of a community outbreak or as a follow-up of a laboratory-confirmed case of an individual pathogen 36 – 39 rather than in a prospective community-based study. In the present study, clusters of dermal symptoms affected 31% of households, as compared with 45% and 80% for GI and respiratory symptoms, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Community-Based Reports of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Dermal Symptoms: Findings From a Cohort Study in Australia

Najnin

Forbes

Sinclair

et al. 2014

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundAlthough gastrointestinal (GI), respiratory, and dermal symptoms are common, few studies have conducted concurrent and comparative prospective analyses of risk factors for these 3 morbidity outcomes.MethodsWe used data from a community-based randomized controlled trial among 277 South Australian families to analyze GI (diarrhea, vomiting), respiratory (sore throat, runny nose, cough) and dermal (rash, generalized itch, dermal infection) symptoms.ResultsLog-binomial regression analysis revealed similar risks of GI (adjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.65; 95% CI, 1.05–2.58) and respiratory (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.31–2.15) symptoms among childcare/kindergarten attendees. Swimming in public pools/spas in the current or previous week was associated with all 3 symptom complexes, conferring similar risk for each (RR for GI: 1.33; 95% CI, 0.99–1.77; respiratory: 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04–1.38; dermal: 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08–1.85). Pet ownership was not associated with symptoms. Household clustering of GI and respiratory symptoms was common, and clustering of respiratory symptoms correlated with number of individuals per household.ConclusionsThis simultaneous examination of risk factors for 3 health outcomes yielded new comparative data that are useful for developing prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Community-Based Reports of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Dermal Symptoms: Findings From a Cohort Study in Australia

Najnin

Forbes

Sinclair

et al. 2014

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…Regarding the strong association between other household members having gastroenteritis and our participants suffering from gastroenteritis, household transmission is a known risk factor for rotaviruses, noroviruses, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., DEC, Giardia , Cryptosporidium spp. [20,21] and Vibrio cholerae [22]. The association between honey peach consumption and gastroenteritis could be expected because the peach was not properly washed before consumption, and/or it was not peeled before eating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenteritis in a Taipei emergency department: aetiology and risk factors

Lai

et al. 2011

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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A matched case-control study was used to determine pathogens and risk factors associated with gastroenteritis in a Taipei Emergency Department. Viruses (40.0%) were the leading cause of gastroenteritis, with noroviruses the most prevalent (33.2%). Bacteria were found in 26.0% of all cases, mostly suspected diarrheagenic E. coli (22.2%), followed by Salmonella spp. (5.4%) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (4.2%). Giardia lamblia was identified in 16.4% of all cases. Statistical significance was noted for seven risk factors: taking antacids before gastroenteritis (OR = 3.91; 95% CI, 2.13, 7.15), other household members with gastroenteritis (OR = 5.18; 95% CI, 2.09, 12.85), attending a banquet (OR = 1.93; 95% CI, 1.25, 2.98), eating out (OR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.30, 4.23), drinking bottled water (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.07, 2.75), eating honey peaches (OR = 3.26; 95% CI, 1.24, 8.58), and eating raw oysters (OR = 3.24; 95% CI, 1.02, 10.28). Eating out was identified as the highest risk behavior, as measured by population attributable risk fraction (PAR) (50.9%). Respective PAR values for drinking bottled water, attending a banquet and taking antacids before illness were 19.7%, 19.6% and 17.6%. Of these, additional research on bottled water appears to be the highest priority, because this is the first time it has been identified as a risk factor for gastroenteritis.

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“…Schistosomiasis is caused by digenetic trematodes belonging to phylum Platyhelminthes, super family Schistosomatoida, and genus Schistosoma. It is usually attributed to three species, subdivided into intestinal Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum and urinary Schistosoma haematobium types, according to the site preferred by the adult worms [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Molluscicidal Activity of Croton microstachyus and Cissus quadrangularis against Biomphalaria and Bulinus Species of Snails

Garoy¹,

Goje²,

Mebrahtu³

et al. 2017

EJMP

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Aim:The study was carried out to investigate the molluscicidal activities of different solvent extracts of two (spaceing) Eritrean local plants, Croton macrostachyus and Cissus quadrangularis identified using ethno-botanical, pharmacological information and also traditional use gathered from traditional healers. Methods: Various solvent extract concentrations of leaves of Croton macrostachyus and Cissus quadrangularis leaves and seeds were tested for their molluscicidal activity against adult Biomphalaria species, the intermediate host of S. mansoni and Bulinus species, the intermediate host of S. haematobium and S. intercalates. The LC50 and LC90 were determined at 24 hours of Garoy et al.; EJMP, 19(4): 1-8, 2017; Article no.EJMP.33560 2 exposure. Comparison of molluscicidal activity of the different solvent extracts within and among the plants was also done. The effect of the increase in exposure time (36 and 48 hrs) on molluscicidal activity of the plants with respect to each solvent extract was then assessed. Results and Discussion: Screening test results indicated that a significant molluscicidal activity ranging from 15.558 ppm to 289.689 ppm was found. Comparison of the solvent extracts also revealed that a significant difference was shown in all the three plant materials, with p-value less than 0.05. Half (50%) of the plant extracts were found to have a significant difference in their molluscicidal activity upon increase in exposure time (p<0.05). In general, comparison of the plant material extracts showed that Croton marostachyus seed has the highest molluscicidal activity. Conculision: From the observations, it is concluded that plants, Croton macrostachyus leaf, seed and Cissus quadrangularis leaf were found to have molluscicidal effect against Bulinus species and Biomphalaria species of snails. Crude extracts of these plants caused death of the snails at varying concentrations. The best results in terms of toxicity to the intermediate host snail were exhibited by Croton macrostachyus seed, followed by Croton macrostachyus leaf. Prolonging the time of exposure was also found to increase the killing ability on half of the plant extracts. Original Research Article

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Household clustering of gastroenteritis

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Risk Factors for Community-Based Reports of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Dermal Symptoms: Findings From a Cohort Study in Australia

Risk Factors for Community-Based Reports of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Dermal Symptoms: Findings From a Cohort Study in Australia

Gastroenteritis in a Taipei emergency department: aetiology and risk factors

Evaluation of Molluscicidal Activity of Croton microstachyus and Cissus quadrangularis against Biomphalaria and Bulinus Species of Snails

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