Household Choices of Child Labor and Schooling: A Simple Model with Application to Brazil

Abstract

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Idleness, returns to education and child labor

“…Dong and Lewbel (2010) made that point very clear. In order to corroborate our pragmatism, we would like to end up this discussion by calling the attention that even very new results on estimation of multinomial models of child labor, see Soares et al (2012), refrain from a "direct" approach to endogeneity. Past studies either refer tangentially or just do not even mention the issue.…”

“…The literature applying these models to Brazil is much less representative, however. Good examples are Kassouf et al (2001), Kassouf (2007) and Soares et al (2012). With few variations, these authors apply a set up that treats the choice of different tasks as an outcome from a set of finite alternatives and employ multiple choice models (almost always multinomial logit).…”

Child Labor and Its Effects on Schooling, Health and Recreation of Filipino Children

“…As a consequence, children's health conditions suffer. (Fassa, et al, 2000;Soares, 2012;Chanda, 2014;Holgado, et al, 2012). The effects of working status and work-related factors on schooling, health and leisure status of working children in the Philippines were studied by estimating log linear models.…”

“…Children whose parents did not possess formal education were more likely to work and less likely to attend school. Household income is also strongly linked with school attendance (Huebler, 2006;Soares et al, 2012;Bornstein & Putnick, 2015;Admassie, 2003). There are, however, some important questions that arise, namely whether education and development of children should be oriented primarily towards economic goals.…”

Rural credit and the time allocation of agricultural households: The case of PRONAF in Brazil

“…Soares et al. () argue that there is empirical evidence to support the fact that child labor can appear as a substitute for adult labor, while others indicate that it appears as a consequence of better economic opportunities. This conflicting evidence may reflect the existence of a substitution and income effect.…”