Hourly-based greenhouse gas emissions of electricity – cases demonstrating possibilities for households and companies to decrease their emissions

Kopsakangas-Savolainen, Maria; Mattinen, Maija K.; Manninen, Kaisa; Nissinen, Ari

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.027

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In line with numerous studies regarding energy-system-level implications [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], our results highlight the relevance of marginal system implications. These studies have mainly focused on single measures, short-term implications, or general implications, while our study has focused on municipal planning and municipal energy planning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Studies such as Olkkonen & Syri [35] and Zivin et al [36] have suggested that marginal electricity can be highly variable, both spatially and temporally. For example, Roux et al [37] and Kopsakangas-Savolainen et al [38] have suggested that even short-term temporal changes in emissions are changing the actual carbon emissions caused by a subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequential Implications of Municipal Energy System on City Carbon Footprints

et al. 2017

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Climate change mitigation is an important goal for cities globally. Energy production contributes more than half of the global greenhouse gas emissions, and thus the mitigation potential of local municipal energy systems is important for cities to recognize. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role of local municipal energy systems in the consumption-based carbon footprint of a city resident. The research supplements the previous carbon footprint assessments of city residents with an energy system implication analysis. The study includes 20 of the largest cities in Finland. The main findings of the study are as follows: first, the municipal combined heat and power energy system contributes surprisingly little (on average 18%) to the direct carbon footprint of city residents, supporting some previous findings about a high degree of outsourcing of emissions in cities in developed countries. Second, when indirect emissions (i.e., the implication of a municipal energy system on the national energy system) are allocated to city residents, the significance of the local energy system increases substantially to 32%. Finally, without the benefits of local combined heat and power technology based electricity consumption, the carbon footprints would have increased by an additional 13% to 47% due to the emissions from compensatory electricity production. The results also show that the direct application of consumption-based carbon assessment would imply a relatively low significance for municipal energy solutions. However, with a broader understanding of energy system dynamics, the significance of municipal energy increases substantially. The results emphasize the importance of the consequential energy system implications, which is typically left out of the evaluations of consumption-based carbon footprints.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequential Implications of Municipal Energy System on City Carbon Footprints

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, the inclusion of hourly emission factors will set a new paradigm for HEMS to be able to shift load not only to more economically time but also to more environmentally friendly time. Attempts were done by considering the energy mix by technology, however, they tend to use the same primary energy mix for each technology (Kopsakangas-Savolainen et al, 2017). In this work, the primary energy mix for each technology varies in time to reflect the changes of fuel within and among power plants.…”

Section: Hems As a Tool To Reduce Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle impact assessment of home energy management systems (HEMS) using dynamic emissions factors for electricity in Finland

Louis

Pongrácz

2017

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

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Decarbonising the European economy is a long-term goal in which the residential sector will play a significant role. Smart buildings for energy management are one means of decarbonisation, by reducing energy consumption and related emissions. This study investigated the environmental impacts of smart house automation using life cycle impact assessment. The ReCiPe method was selected for use, in combination with dynamic emissions factors for electricity in Finland. The results indicated that a high level of technology deployment may be counter-effective, due to high electricity consumption by the sensor network, automation system and computing devices. The results also indicated that number of inhabitants per household directly affected the environmental impacts of home automation. A single-person household saw its environmental impacts increase by 15%, while those of a five-person household increased by 3% in the worst-case scenario. The manufacturing phase contributed the major share of environmental impacts, exceeding the use phase in multiple categories. These findings indicate that finding the sweet spot in which technology can promote decarbonisation will be crucial to achieving the goal of a low-carbon economy.

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“…Finn and Fitzpatrick consider, for example, different industrial consumers in Ireland and find a positive correlation between cost savings and wind power consumption 42 . Going one‐step further, hourly changing electricity mixes also offer an optimization potential for the schedule, such as minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions that are associated with the generation of the purchased electricity 43 . Focusing on a cement plant in the United Kingdom, Summerbell et al compare production schedules optimized for electricity costs and CO 2 emissions, finding synergetic effects (i.e., an optimization for cost savings also reduces the CO 2 emissions and vice versa) 44 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do investments in flexibility enhance sustainability? A simulative study considering the German electricity sector

2020

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Current research concerning industrial demand side management primarily focuses on monetary aspects. Herein, we extend this perspective by assessing whether economically driven measures increasing the flexibility also result in reduced contributions to the residual load. For this purpose, we conduct a simulative study using historic and projected time series for the German electricity sector. First, Fourier analysis are performed to show that the main oscillation in the electricity price time series has a period length of 12 hr, whereas the renewable generation is primarily characterized by an oscillation with a period length of 24 hr. Second, a generic process model with capabilities for load shiftings is used to evaluate how the fluctuation patterns can be exploited via scheduling optimizations. Most importantly, our results demonstrate that prevalent price fluctuations prevent adequate monetary incentives for providing storage capacities for bridging up to 24 hr, which are desired for reducing the residual load.

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Hourly-based greenhouse gas emissions of electricity – cases demonstrating possibilities for households and companies to decrease their emissions

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Consequential Implications of Municipal Energy System on City Carbon Footprints

Consequential Implications of Municipal Energy System on City Carbon Footprints

Life cycle impact assessment of home energy management systems (HEMS) using dynamic emissions factors for electricity in Finland

Do investments in flexibility enhance sustainability? A simulative study considering the German electricity sector

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