“…E. Smith et al, 2023). But also ocean acidity extremes (OAX) (Hauri et al, 2013;Kwiatkowski & Orr, 2018;Negrete-García et al, 2019;Burger et al, 2020;Desmet et al, 2022) and low oxygen extremes (LOX) (Chan et al, 2008;Hofmann et al, 2011;Köhn et al, 2022) are receiving increasing attention, with the study of compound marine extremes, that is, events when conditions are extreme in more than one stressor emerging as an -2-manuscript submitted to AGU Advances issue of special concern (Gruber et al, 2021;Le Grix et al, 2021;Burger et al, 2022;Le Grix et al, 2022). Such compounded extreme events can have a disproportionately large impact on marine biota, especially when the different stressors act synergistically, that is, when they reinforce each other (Crain et al, 2008;Boyd & Brown, 2015;Pirotta et al, 2022).…”