HOTS assessment in circulatory system learning: Validity, reliability, and item quality

Abstract

Biology learning, based on the curriculum-2013, requires students to be skilled at analyzing, evaluating, and creating to achieve Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Thus, HOTS assessment instrument is crucial to be made. This study aimed to produce HOTS assessment instrument focused on circulatory system materials for XI graders. This research was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D) method with 4-D model. The subjects of this study were: two biology lecturers from Faculty of Mathematics and Science of Universitas Negeri Padang, two biology teachers, and 33 XI graders of Public Senior High School 1 Nan Sabaris. The data were collected using questionnaires which were validated by experts and analyzed using ANATES 4.09. The validity results reached as high as 87.54% (very valid) in which the empirical validity value was 88%. Meanwhile, the instrument was stated as very reliable (0.78), has a moderate difficulty, good differentiating power, and excellent option quality. Thus, as the recommendation, this instrument can be used to foster students’ HOTS.

The Development of HOTS Instruments In Biology Learning

“…Research Setiawan et al, (2021) stated that the development of HOTS instruments in learning encourages students to be more active in learning. Valid and reliable learning instruments help the quality of students' learning in HOTS questions (Rahmi et al, 2021). Research results Suprapto et al, (2020) Explaining that giving the right questions will stimulate students' Higher Order Thinking Skills in solving problems.…”

“…Students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) level in Indonesia is still low (Ahmad et al, 2018;Setiawan et al, 2018). This can be seen from the PISA Study in 2018, the quality of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of Indonesian students obtained a score of 396, ranked 72 out of 78 member countries (Rahmi et al, 2021;Suharyat et al, 2023). In addition, the 2011 TIMSS results…”

Reading, Mind Mapping, Sharing (RMS) And Reading, Questioning, Answering (RQA): Their Effect On The Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

“…The implementation of the Curriculum 2013 learning encourages the existence of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) that reinforce students to think critically, creatively, and innovatively (Fitriani & Sari, 2019). HOTS is crucial to be implemented and improved in learning at schools (Rahmi et al, 2021). Moreover, the characteristic of biology learning is to involve students actively and requires cooperation among them.…”

Mathematical analogical reasoning ability based on the thinking style of junior high school students on flat surface of solid figures

“…The Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) survey in 2015 stated that students in Indonesia are generally not good at cognitive aspects such as knowledge, application, and reasoning (Kartianom & Retnawati, 2018;Mejía-Rodríguez et al, 2021). The same thing is shown through the results of the 2018 PISA test, which placed Indonesia at 74 out of 79 in the mathematics aspect (Pramana et al, 2021;Rahmi et al, 2021;Siswandari et al, 2021). The mathematics learning system in Indonesia, which focuses on obtaining learning outcomes without paying attention to students' abilities, can contribute to weak reasoning abilities.…”