HOTAIR: An Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Human Cancer

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a novel class of noncoding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential and function as novel master regulators in various human diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence shows that lncRNAs are dysregulated and implicated in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, such as proliferation, apoptosis, mobility, invasion, metastasis, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. However, the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate various biological functions in human diseases have yet to be determined. HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a recently discovered lncRNA and plays a critical role in various areas of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, migration, drug resistance, and genomic stability. In this review, we briefly introduce the concept, identification, and biological functions of HOTAIR. We then describe the involvement of HOTAIR that has been associated with tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, cancer stem cell differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. We also discuss emerging insights into the role of HOTAIR as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms in cancer.

Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes invasion of breast cancer cells through chondroitin sulfotransferase CHST15

“…23 A previous study has shown that HOTAIR promotes tumor initiation. 24 This can be recapitulated by spheroid formation assays in which ectopic HOTAIR expression in MDA-MB-231/ LZRS-HOTAIR cells promoted mammosphere formation compared to the control cells in suspension culture (Supporting Information Fig. S3A).…”

Effects of propofol on colon cancer metastasis through STAT3/HOTAIR axis by activating WIF‐1 and suppressing Wnt pathway

“…It has been widely recognized that HOTAIR plays critical roles in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, etc. 28 Expression level of HOTAIR was higher in colon cancer tissue and blood of patients, and was related to higher mortality. 20,21 In addition, HOTAIR was a predictor of metastasis in colon cancer, while the underlying mechanism involved inhibiting E-cadherin and increasing MMP-9 and vimentin expressions.…”

The Establishment of CDK9/ RNA PolII/H3K4me3/DNA Methylation Feedback Promotes HOTAIR Expression by RNA Elongation Enhancement in Cancer

“…HOTAIR, which is a well-characterized lncRNA, is upregulated in many cancer types. Studies have demonstrated that HOTAIR played important in promoting cancer progression by regulating gene expression (Tang et al, 2018). HOTAIR guilds EZH2/PRC2 complex to tumor suppressor for triggering gene silencing H3K27me3 (Li et al, 2017).…”

“…HOX Transcript Antisense RNA (HOTAIR), as one of the well-studied long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is significantly overexpressed in multiple cancers with diverse genetic profiles, including both solid and hematopoietic cancers (Tang et al, 2018). HOTAIR drives important cancer phenotypes via inducing deregulations on critical genes by PRC2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation, LSD1/CoREST/REST-mediated H3K4 demethylation and interacting with miRNAs as competitive RNA (Li et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2015).…”