Hot-wire electrodes: voltammetry above the boiling point

Abstract

Heated wires in a special symmetrical arrangement were used for electrochemical experiments in a thin, hot, near-electrode solution layer. By application of a series of short-time heat pulsing sequences with current sampling and synchronized polarization steps, voltammetric curves above the boiling point were recorded. Methods for determining and controlling the actual temperature are presented. The temperature dependence of quantities such as diffusion coefficient or electrode potential can be determined in a convenient manner. Examples are given for different redox systems, including hexacyanoferrate(1ii)-(u), Fe3+-Fe2+, bromate, oxalic acid and formaldehyde.

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Heated Mercury Film on a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

“…greatly enhanced signals ± for electroanalytical measurements during the past six years. The spectrum reaches from heavy metal determinations [1±3] over electrochemistry in organic solvents [4] to``voltammetry above the boiling point'' [5]. In the case of heavy metal determination heated solid wire or layer electrodes have been used predominantly.…”

Electrochemical behaviour of cytochrome c at electrically heated microelectrodes

“…Such an electrically-heated electrochemical sensor has been recently developed using Joule heating at wire electrodes [15,16]. In the set-up most commonly used, a 25 mm wire is heated using a 100 kHz alternating current.…”

Directly Heated Bismuth Film Electrodes Based on Gold Microwires

“…The temperature calibration was conducted in a 50 mM equimolar potassium ferro-/ferricyanide solution in 0.1 M KCl by open circuit potentiometry as described earlier [37]. The electrode temperature during application of heat pulses has been calculated based upon EMF changes between the reference and the working electrode as reported before [42].…”