Hot-spots of large wave energy resources in relatively sheltered sections of the Baltic Sea coast

Kovaleva, Olga; Eelsalu, Maris; Soomere, Tarmo

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.033

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…A spatio-temporal energy resource assessment for ocean waves is an important part of the initial planning for WEC sites and has recently been carried out for the Baltic Sea region with a special focus on the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone (SEEZ) [5][6][7] and a study of sea level variability [8]. Assessments of the wave resource, or wave energy potential, have also been carried out in many other recent studies, e.g., for coastal ocean areas [9,10], for seas [11,12], and for Lake Erie [13]. Additional references on wave energy resource assessments are also found listed by country or region in Chen et al [14], and an overview of the global distribution of wave resources was discussed in Kasiulis et al [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was however pointed out in [24] that the accessibility of this region may be high and conditions for extreme waves may be reduced for sheltered seas, which can act positively for wave energy profitability. The effects of seasonal sea-ice conditions were nevertheless not considered in [24], which was also the case for a number of previous wave hindcast studies [12,35]. Other studies have focused on areas that are generally ice-free [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Extreme and Metocean Conditions in the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone for Wave Energy

et al. 2020

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Here, accessibility to near-shore and offshore marine sites is evaluated based on wave and ice conditions. High-resolution third-generation wave model results are used to examine the operation and maintenance conditions for renewable energy sources with a focus on wave energy. Special focus is given to the wave field and ice characteristics for areas within the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone including analysis of return levels for extreme values for significant wave height, which provides guidance for dimensioning wave energy converters. It is shown that the number of weather windows and accessibility are influenced by distance from the coast and sea-ice conditions. The longest waiting periods for the closest weather window that is available for Operation and Maintenance (O&M) is in ice-free conditions shown to be strongly correlated with the fetch conditions. The sheltered Baltic Sea is shown to have very high accessibility if marine infrastructure and vessels are designed for access limits of significant wave height up to 3 m. In the northern basins, the waiting periods increase significantly, if and when the ice-conditions are found to be critical for the O&M activity considered. The ice-conditions are examined based on compiled operational sea-ice data over a climatic time period of 34 years. The results are location specific for the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone, but the analysis methods are transferable and applicable to many other parts of the world, to facilitate assessment of the most promising areas in different regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Extreme and Metocean Conditions in the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone for Wave Energy

et al. 2020

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“…A first step would be a spatio-temporal energy resource assessment and availability analysis. The wave power resource, or wave energy potential, has been assessed in many recent studies, e.g., for coastal ocean areas [8,9], for seas [10,11] and for lake Erie [12]. Additional references on wave energy resource assessments are also found listed by country or region in Chen et al [13] and an overview of the global distribution of wave power resources is discussed in Kasiulis et al [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Wave Energy Potential for the Baltic Sea with Focus on the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone

et al. 2019

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In this study, a third-generation wave model is used to examine the wave power resource for the Baltic Sea region at an unprecedented one-kilometer-scale resolution for the years 1998 to 2013. Special focus is given to the evaluation and description of wave field characteristics for the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone (SEEZ). It is carried out to provide a more detailed assessment of the potential of waves as a renewable energy resource for the region. The wave energy potential is largely controlled by the distance from the coast and the fetch associated with the prevailing dominant wave direction. The ice cover is also shown to significantly influence the wave power resource, especially in the most northern basins of the SEEZ. For the areas in focus here, the potential annual average wave energy flux reaches 45 MWh/m/year in the two sub-basins with the highest wave energies, but local variations are up to 65 MWh/m/year. The assessment provides the basis for a further detailed identification of potential sites for wave energy converters. An outlook is given for additional aspects studied within a broad multi-disciplinary project to assess the conditions for offshore wave energy conversion within the SEEZ.

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“…It is already known, that the average wave power flux in the Baltic Sea can reach 4-5 kW/m [64]. In the coastal "hot spots" areas average wave power flux can reach 2.55 kW/m at non-sheltered condition such as island of Saaremaa [66] and approximately 1.6 kW/m in sheltered conditions such as Bay of Gdansk [76]. In the Lithuanian coast of the Baltic Sea the average wave power flux can reach 1-2 kW/m [37,66], therefore it can be further assessed as possible location for electricity generation from waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of the Baltic Sea Near-Shore Wave Power Potential along the Coast of Klaipėda, Lithuania

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Wave power is an abundant source of energy that can be utilized to produce electricity. Therefore, assessments of wave power resources are being carried out worldwide. An overview of the recent assessments is presented in this paper, revealing the global distribution of these resources. Additionally, a study, which aims to assess the spatial distribution of the Baltic Sea near-shore wave power potential along the coast of Klaipėda (Lithuania), is introduced in this paper. The impacts of the wave propagation direction and decreasing depth on wave power resources were examined using the numerical wind-wave model MIKE 21 NSW. The wave height loss of the design waves propagating to shore was modelled, and the wave power fluxes in the studied depths were calculated using the JONSWAP wave spectrum modified for the Baltic Sea. The results revealed that all waves that propagate to the shore in the Baltic Sea near-shore area along the coast of Klaipėda from 30 m depth to 5 m depth lose at least 30% of their power. Still, most common waves in this area are low, and therefore, they start to lose their power while propagating to the shore at relatively low (10-14 m) depths. To turn this into an advantage the wave power converter would have to work efficiently under low power conditions.

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Hot-spots of large wave energy resources in relatively sheltered sections of the Baltic Sea coast

Cited by 22 publications

References 67 publications

Assessment of Extreme and Metocean Conditions in the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone for Wave Energy

Assessment of Extreme and Metocean Conditions in the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone for Wave Energy

Characterization of Wave Energy Potential for the Baltic Sea with Focus on the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone

Spatial Distribution of the Baltic Sea Near-Shore Wave Power Potential along the Coast of Klaipėda, Lithuania

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