“Hot Spots” in the climate system—new developments in the extratropical ocean–atmosphere interaction research: a short review and an introduction

Nakamura, Hisashi; Isobe, Atsuhiko; Minobe, Shoshiro; Mitsudera, Humio; Nonaka, Masami; Suga, Toshio

doi:10.1007/s10872-015-0321-5

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…1). This was part of a collaborative research program titled "Hot Spot in Climate System: Coupled OceanAtmosphere Variability over Monsoonal Asia due to Contiguousness between the Tropical Warmness and Arctic Coolness" (Nakamura et al 2015). Based on this Eulerian time series observation, we aim to describe the DO variations near the KE and to obtain direct evidence of cross-frontal subduction and knowledge about how subducted water is transported across the KE jet through mesoscale/submesoscale processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation revealed by the observation of dissolved oxygen concentration south of the Kuroshio Extension during 2012–2013

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation revealed by the observation of dissolved oxygen concentration south of the Kuroshio Extension during 2012–2013

et al. 2016

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“…Hwever, recent studies have demonstrated a more active role played by the ocean in the air-sea interaction, particularly near the oceanic frontal zones, both in the Tropics and the extratropics (e.g. Small et al, 2008;Nakamura et al, 2015). Given the recent evidence of active influence from the ocean to the atmosphere, we hypothesize that the absence of perturbations in the SST field in the JMA-WEPS may be the dominant cause of its aforementioned underdispersive spread over the oceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This “one‐way” picture of the extratropical atmosphere driving the ocean had been widely accepted, until the recent identification of the active roles played by the ocean in the extratropical air–sea interaction, as summarized by Nakamura et al . (). The results presented here are interesting in that they suggest active roles of extratropical SST in much shorter, sub‐medium‐range time‐scales (Hotta and Nakamura, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Nakamura et al . ). The fact that errors are large, reaching as much as ∼3 K even for a relatively short lead‐time of 3 days, in these frontal regions where oceans are known to drive the atmospheric responses, suggests that uncertainties in SST specification may result in considerable uncertainties in atmospheric forecasts.…”

Section: Persistent‐anomaly Sstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Nakamura et al . ). Given the recent evidence of active influence from the ocean to the atmosphere, we hypothesize that the absence of perturbations in the SST field in the JMA‐WEPS may be the dominant cause of its aforementioned underdispersive spread over the oceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical generation of SST perturbations with spatio‐temporally coherent growing patterns

Hotta

Ota

2019

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The medium‐range ensemble prediction system (EPS) at the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), like other operational EPSs, suffers from overconfident probabilistic forecasts in the lower troposphere and over the oceans in particular. To alleviate this issue, a new scheme to perturb the sea surface temperature (SST) is proposed and tested. The proposed method statistically generates SST perturbations that account for time‐varying errors of the SST that is prescribed to the control member. Despite its simplicity and purely statistical nature, the new method is able to produce growing perturbations whose spatial patterns appear to reflect ocean dynamics. Their growth with forecast lead‐time is completely flow‐independent but is statistically consistent with the past records of the error growth of the prescribed SST. Perturbing the SST with the proposed scheme is shown to improve the probabilistic forecast skills of JMA's medium‐range EPS. The improvement is statistically significant over the Tropics throughout the entire troposphere but the impact on the extratropical forecast is found to be neutral. The improvement is largely attributed to enhanced reliability which in turn is achieved through an increase in the ensemble spread. Perturbing SST incurs no harmful impact on the quality of ensemble mean forecast.

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Small meanders of the Kuroshio Extension and associated northward spreading of warm water: Three‐vessel simultaneous observations and an eddy‐resolving ocean model simulation

et al. 2016

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Small meanders of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) were examined in the three vessel simultaneous observations carried out across the KE along 143°E between 2 and 7 July 2012 and the hindcast simulation by a high‐resolution ocean model for the Earth Simulator (OFES). The observations captured the crest of the small meander that passed 143°E. Behind the meander crest, the meander showed the northward separation of the front from the meandering jet. It was suggested that the meander spread the low‐density KE water to the north above the main pycnocline there. The OFES showed similar characteristics of small meanders. We focused on three major small meanders. In the upstream KE region west of 143°E, these meanders were subject to northeastward ageostrophic advection, by which the low‐density KE water was carried to the north and their fronts moved away from the KE jet above the main pycnocline. This resulted in the KE water and the front extending to the west behind the crest of the downstream‐propagating meanders. This feature was particularly obvious for the two cases of the meander and was consistent with the observations. The displaced front formed a shallow geostrophic jet to the north of the main KE jet, which induced geostrophic advection along the jet and advected the front further northward and downstream near the crest of the meandering front. The KE water spread by the small meanders then mostly evolved into warm core rings or warm streamers.

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“Hot Spots” in the climate system—new developments in the extratropical ocean–atmosphere interaction research: a short review and an introduction

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Ventilation revealed by the observation of dissolved oxygen concentration south of the Kuroshio Extension during 2012–2013

Ventilation revealed by the observation of dissolved oxygen concentration south of the Kuroshio Extension during 2012–2013

Statistical generation of SST perturbations with spatio‐temporally coherent growing patterns

Small meanders of the Kuroshio Extension and associated northward spreading of warm water: Three‐vessel simultaneous observations and an eddy‐resolving ocean model simulation

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