Hot-Plasma Ejections Associated with Compact-Loop Solar Flares

Shibata, Kazunari; Masuda, S.; Shimojo, Masataka; Hara, Hirohisa; Yokoyama, T.; Tsuneta, S.; Kosugi, T.; Ogawara, Y.

doi:10.1086/309688

Cited by 509 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…With a few channels that include lines forming at high temperatures, the AIA can also observe flare-associated ejections, typically detected in soft X-rays (Shibata et al 1995). These ejections have been one of the observables used to advocate the "standard" 2-d reconnection model for flares (e.g., McKenzie 2002), although some observational problems of the prototype event have been pointed out (Nitta et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are Special About Ground-Level Events?

et al. 2012

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Ground level events (GLEs) occupy the high-energy end of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. They are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares, but we still do not clearly understand the special conditions that produce these rare events. During Solar Cycle 23, a total of 16 GLEs were registered, using ground-based neutron monitor data. We first ask if these GLEs are clearly distinguishable from other SEP events observed from space. Setting aside possible difficulties in identifying all GLEs consistently, we then try to find observables which may unmistakably isolate these GLEs by studying the basic properties of the associated eruptions and the active regions (ARs) that produced them. It is found that neither the magnitudes of the CMEs and flares nor the complexities of the ARs give sufficient conditions for GLEs. It is possible to find CMEs, flares or ARs that are not associated with GLEs but that have more extreme properties than those associated with GLEs. We also try to evaluate the importance of magnetic field connection of the AR with Earth on the detection of GLEs and their onset times. Using the potential field source surface (PFSS) model, a half of the GLEs are found to be well-connected. However, the GLE onset time with respect to the onset of the associated flare and CME does not strongly depend on how well-connected the AR is. The GLE onset behavior may be largely determined by when and where the CME-driven shock develops. We could not relate the shocks responsible for the onsets of past GLEs with features in solar images, but the combined data from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) have the potential to change this for GLEs that may occur in the rising phase of Solar Cycle 24.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are Special About Ground-Level Events?

et al. 2012

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“…In the X-ray range, Yohkoh/SXT frequently observed small-scale SXR ejecta, including erupting loops, blobs that were interpreted as plasmoids (with typical speeds of ≈ 500 km s -1 ; see e.g., Shibata et al, 1995;Ohyama and Shibata, 1998), and jets (e.g., Shibata et al, 1992;Alexander and Fletcher, 1999). There has been evidence for the generation of metric type II bursts by these rapidly expanding loops, plasmoids, and jets (Gopalswamy et al, 1997;Klein et al, 1999;Gopalswamy et al, 2001b;Klassen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Small-scale Ejectamentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale Globally Propagating Coronal Waves

Warmuth

2015

Living Rev. Sol. Phys.

156

140

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Large-scale, globally propagating wave-like disturbances have been observed in the solar chromosphere and by inference in the corona since the 1960s. However, detailed analysis of these phenomena has only been conducted since the late 1990s. This was prompted by the availability of high-cadence coronal imaging data from numerous spaced-based instruments, which routinely show spectacular globally propagating bright fronts. Coronal waves, as these perturbations are usually referred to, have now been observed in a wide range of spectral channels, yielding a wealth of information. Many findings have supported the "classical" interpretation of the disturbances: fast-mode MHD waves or shocks that are propagating in the solar corona. However, observations that seemed inconsistent with this picture have stimulated the development of alternative models in which "pseudo waves" are generated by magnetic reconfiguration in the framework of an expanding coronal mass ejection. This has resulted in a vigorous debate on the physical nature of these disturbances. This review focuses on demonstrating how the numerous observational findings of the last one and a half decades can be used to constrain our models of large-scale coronal waves, and how a coherent physical understanding of these disturbances is finally emerging. Article RevisionsLiving Reviews supports two ways of keeping its articles up-to-date:Fast-track revision. A fast-track revision provides the author with the opportunity to add short notices of current research results, trends and developments, or important publications to the article. A fast-track revision is refereed by the responsible subject editor. If an article has undergone a fast-track revision, a summary of changes will be listed here.Major update. A major update will include substantial changes and additions and is subject to full external refereeing. It is published with a new publication number.For detailed documentation of an article's evolution, please refer to the history document of the article's online version at http://dx

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“…The ejecta of impulsive Ñares would be small, of low mass, originate directly over the associated active region, leave FIG. 6.ÈReconnection plasmoid model from Shibata et al (1995) for compact loop Ñares. In impulsive Ñares, the ejecta is a relatively small plasmoid.…”

Section: Observations and Modeling Of Flare Coronal Ejectamentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronal Mass Ejections Associated with Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events

Kahler

Reames

Sheeley

2001

ApJ

161

136

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An impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed on the W ind spacecraft on 2000 May 1 was associated with an impulsive solar active region M1 X-ray Ñare. The timing and position of a fast (v \ 960 km s~1), narrow CME observed in the LASCO coronagraph on SOHO make clear the connection between the CME and the Ñare and SEP event. Impulsive SEP events have long been associated with impulsive Ñares, but only gradual SEP events have thus far been found to be associated with CMEs. A comparison of impulsive SEP events with CME observations from the Solwind and LASCO coronagraphs revealed further good cases of narrow (10¡È40¡) CMEs associated with impulsive SEP events. A recent model of impulsive Ñares includes jets or plasmoids that are ejected upward from magnetic reconnection sites over active regions and might therefore be expected to appear in exceptional cases as faint and narrow CMEs in coronagraphs. We suggest that this model allows us to understand better SEP production and propagation in impulsive Ñares.

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Hot-Plasma Ejections Associated with Compact-Loop Solar Flares

Cited by 509 publications

References 20 publications

What Are Special About Ground-Level Events?

What Are Special About Ground-Level Events?

Large-scale Globally Propagating Coronal Waves

Coronal Mass Ejections Associated with Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events

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