Hot Isostatic Press (Hip) Vitrification of Radwaste Concretes

Siemer, Darryl D.; Scheetz, Barry E.; Gougar, Mary Lou D.

doi:10.1557/proc-412-403

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since then several solidification technologies ranging from the complex to the relatively simple-have been developed or adapted mainly to simultaneously immobilize radioactive wastes and heavy metals (Ringwood et al, 1988;McDaniel and Delzer, 1988;Macedo et al, 1979;Xi et al, 1995;Siemer et al, 1995). Concept waste forms were developed based on ease of processing, high strength, high resistance to chemical attack (Roy and Burns, 1982;Burns, 1971;Glasser, 1992;Langton and Roy, 1980a;Langton and Roy, 1981).…”

Section: Literature Review: Waste Form Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Rate of Formation of Hydroceramic Waste Forms made with INEEL Calcined Wastes

Scheetz¹,

Olanrewaju²

2001

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iii Executive SummaryA "hydroceramic" nuclear waste form, developed especially to address the immobilization of the reprocessing wastes from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, has been demonstrated to possess superior chemical and mechanincal properties. Furthermore, the processing requirements of hydroceramic waste forms are simple, less costly and offer greater safety to INEEL personnel than other waste form preparation systems.The objective of this research was two fold. The initial phase of the study was to systematically survey the suitability of readily available pozzolanic additions as raw materials for hydroceramic formulations in order to identify a source material that would be compatible with the established processing requirements for the waste form i.e., no excessive water demand, proper mineralogical composition of the waste form, low leachability, waste loadings greater than 20 weight percent calcine and also readily available to INEEL in large quantities once the pozzolan(s) selection was made. Pozzolanic materials are normally finely divided substances that contain either glassy or crystalline sources of silica that are chemically reactive enough to combine with lime and water at room temperature to form cementitious material. The primary objective of the research program was to establish the final processing parameters for the preparation of hydroceramic waste forms form INEEL wastes i.e., the rate at which hydroceramic is formed, the phases that formed and the optimum temperature needed to minimize leachability.A total of 20 pozzolanic materials were surveyed. These included a number of different fly ash sample, natural and thermally altered clays, reactive aluminas and even finely ground bottle glass. The survey resulted in the selection of a natural, thermally altered clay (metakaolinite) that has found extensive use in the manufacture of blended Portland cement and currently mined in Troy Idaho.A "host" matix formulation was initially developed using Troy metakaolinite and all processing parameters and chemical and mineralogical characterization was conducted on these samples. Once developed, the host matrix was used to subsequently prepare waste forms based on fluorinel and zirconia simulated calcines supplied by INEEL. A waste loading study was conducted in order to determine the maximum loading that could be sustained and still exibit the leaching characteristics and mechanical properties of the laboratory specimens. The "host" matrix samples and the two waste forms were processed at 75, 85, 95, 125, 150, 175 and 200 o C at 100% relative humidity for times often exceeding 500 hours. Two sets of mineralogy were observed for the "host" samples and "waste loaded" samples. The waste loading study optimized the hydroceramic waste form at 30% by weight for both fluorinel and zirconia waste calcines.The hydration rate studies conducted as a function of time and temperature determined that both the "host" matrix formulation and the fluorinel and zirconia waste loaded...

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Section: Literature Review: Waste Form Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The late 70s and 80s witnessed intensive efforts in the development of a wide variety of waste forms (Lutze and Ewing, 1988 (Macedo et al, 1979), and more recently, Hydroceramic waste forms at INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID and Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (Xi et al, 1995;Siemer et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Rate of Formation of Hydroceramic Waste Forms made with INEEL Calcined Wastes

Scheetz¹,

Olanrewaju²

2001

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“…Figure 12 summarizes the evolution of cement waste forms principally in the U.S. Figure 13 summarizes some of the developments and projects for future ideal materials and processes for using cement in a wide variety of high and intermediate level waste forms. Summaries by D. M. Roy (10) and recent highly imaginative work by D. Siemer (11) to make a cement waste form from INEL waste which can later be vitrified if necessary shows the versatility of this material.…”

Section: The 20-year Retrospectivementioning

confidence: 99%