Hot fusion reactions with deformed nuclei for synthesis of superheavy nuclei: An extension of the fusion-by-diffusion model

Hagino, K.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.98.014607

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The 248 Cm and 254 Fm nuclei are prolately deformed in their ground state. Since a dominant contribution to evaporation residue cross sections comes from the side collision [ [34][35][36][37][38][39][40], for which the projectile nucleus collides with the equatorial side of the target, for simplicity we restrict our calculations only to this configuration in the present paper.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…(1) using the distances of the closest approach evaluated with the TDHF calculations. To this end, we employ the fusionby-diffusion model [27,40,48,49]. In this model, the diffusion process is described as a diffusion over a simple one-dimensional parabolic potential from an injection point [50], while the decay of the compound nucleus is described with a simplified statistical model in which only the competitions between fission and neutron evaporations are taken into account.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[48], for which we use the default parameter set. Notice that the deformation effect is taken into account in the extended fusion-by-diffusion model through the orientation angle dependence of R min , while the inner po- tential remains independent of the orientation angle [40]. We also assume that the kinetic energy is completely dissipated to the internal energy at the injection point.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…See Refs. [27,40,48,49] for other details of the fusion-bydiffusion model. Table I summarizes the diffusion and survival probabilities evaluated at E = V b .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Following Refs. [40,49], we use the mass formula and the fission barrier heights given in Ref. [51].…”

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Time-dependent Hartree-Fock plus Langevin approach for hot fusion reactions to synthesize the Z=120 superheavy element

Sekizawa

Hagino

2019

Phys. Rev. C

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We develop a novel approach to fusion reactions for syntheses of superheavy elements, which combines the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method with a dynamical diffusion model based on the Langevin equation. In this approach, the distance of the closest approach for the capture process is estimated within the TDHF approach, which is then plugged into the dynamical diffusion model as an initial condition. We apply this approach to hot fusion reactions leading to formation of the element Z = 120, that is, the 48 Ca+ 254,257 Fm, 51 V+ 249 Bk, and 54 Cr+ 248 Cm reactions. Our calculations indicate that the distances of the closest approach for these systems are similar to each other and thus the difference in the probabilities of evaporation residue formation among those reaction systems originates mainly from the evaporation process, which is sensitive to the fission barrier height and the excitation energy of a compound nucleus.The physics of superheavy elements is one of the most important topics in nuclear physics today [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Using heavy-ion fusion reactions, researchers have so far successfully synthesized the elements up to Z = 118 [3]. Since the formation probability of superheavy elements is extremely small, it is crucial to choose an appropriate reaction system, that is, a combination of a projectile and a target nuclei. For this purpose, two different experimental strategies have been employed. One is the 208 Pbbased cold fusion reactions, for which the compound nucleus is formed with relatively low excitation energies so that the survival probability of the compound nucleus against fission is maximized. The other is the 48 Ca-based hot fusion reactions, for which the formation probability of the compound nucleus is maximized.It has been shown that the evaporation residue cross sections associated with the cold fusion reactions drop rapidly, as the charge number Z of the compound nucleus increases. Because of this behavior, the cold fusion reactions have been limited only up to nihonium (Z = 113) [7]. On the other hand, the observed cross sections remain relatively large between Z = 113 and 118 for hot fusion reactions [2]. It has been conjectured that this behavior originates from the fact that the compound nuclei formed are in the proximity of the island of stability [8,9] and/or an increase of dissipation at high temperatures [10]. For this reason, the hot fusion reactions are regarded as a promising means to go beyond the known heaviest element, oganesson (Z = 118), and synthesize new superheavy elements.To synthesize the new elements, Z = 119 and 120, with hot fusion reactions utilizing the 48 Ca projectile as in the previous successful measurements, use of Es (Z = 99) and Fm (Z = 100) targets is mandatory. However, due to the short half-lives of these elements, they would not be available with sufficient amounts for fusion experiments [11]. It is therefore inevitable to use heavier projectile nuclei, such as 50 Ti, 51 V, and 54 Cr, instead of 48 Ca. An important question arises: how ...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…See Refs. [27,40,48,49] for other details of the fusion-bydiffusion model. Table I summarizes the diffusion and survival probabilities evaluated at E = V b .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Refs. [40,49], we use the mass formula and the fission barrier heights given in Ref. [51].…”

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confidence: 99%

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