Hot brines and recent iron deposits in deeps of the Red Sea

Miller, Alexander; Densmore, C. D.; Degens, Egon T.; Hathaway, John C.; Manheim, Frank T.; McFarlin, Peter F.; Pocklington, Roger; Jokela, A

doi:10.3133/ofr65180

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The Atlantis II brine has a pH of 5.3, a temperature of 56 °C, a density of 1.196 g contains about salt from a depth of 2,040 m down to the bottom, and is anoxic (Miller et al, 1966). Discovery Deep contains brines with a pH of 6.2 and a temperature of 44.7 °C (Miller et al, 1966).…”

Section: Seawater Deep Sea Brines and Hydrothermal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discovery Deep contains brines with a pH of 6.2 and a temperature of 44.7 °C (Miller et al, 1966). The brine layer at Kebrit Deep is 84 m thick at the maximum depth, is anaerobic, slightly acidic with a pH of 5.5, contains about salt, and has a temperature of 23.3 °C (Eder et al, 1999;Shokes et al, 1977).…”

Section: Seawater Deep Sea Brines and Hydrothermal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Halophilic Microorganisms and their Environments

Oren

2002

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology

401

294

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Section: Seawater Deep Sea Brines and Hydrothermal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seawater Deep Sea Brines and Hydrothermal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halophilic Microorganisms and their Environments

Oren

2002

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology

401

294

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“…Located at a depth of approximately 2200 m near the Central Rift (at around 21°20′ N), it is less than 100 m thick, and covers an area of 60 km 2 [3]–[5]. The combination of anoxia and high pressure, increased temperature (68°C) and salinity (250 parts per thousand or 7.5 times that of normal seawater [6]) in the brine pool makes it an ideal setting for the study of extremophiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Prokaryotic Consortia in Geochemically Distinct Sediments from Red Sea Atlantis II and Discovery Deep Brine Pools

et al. 2012

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The seafloor is a unique environment, which allows insights into how geochemical processes affect the diversity of biological life. Among its diverse ecosystems are deep-sea brine pools - water bodies characterized by a unique combination of extreme conditions. The ‘polyextremophiles’ that constitute the microbial assemblage of these deep hot brines have not been comprehensively studied. We report a comparative taxonomic analysis of the prokaryotic communities of the sediments directly below the Red Sea brine pools, namely, Atlantis II, Discovery, Chain Deep, and an adjacent brine-influenced site. Analyses of sediment samples and high-throughput pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified environmental 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rDNA) revealed that one sulfur (S)-rich Atlantis II and one nitrogen (N)-rich Discovery Deep section contained distinct microbial populations that differed from those found in the other sediment samples examined. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Deferribacteres, and Euryarchaeota were the most abundant bacterial and archaeal phyla in both the S- and N-rich sections. Relative abundance-based hierarchical clustering of the 16S rDNA pyrotags assigned to major taxonomic groups allowed us to categorize the archaeal and bacterial communities into three major and distinct groups; group I was unique to the S-rich Atlantis II section (ATII-1), group II was characteristic for the N-rich Discovery sample (DD-1), and group III reflected the composition of the remaining sediments. Many of the groups detected in the S-rich Atlantis II section are likely to play a dominant role in the cycling of methane and sulfur due to their phylogenetic affiliations with bacteria and archaea involved in anaerobic methane oxidation and sulfate reduction.

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“…Injection of a geothermal solution into seafloor depression resulted in the development of deep-sea brine pools due to mixing of the hot and metalliferous solution with seawater23. Two famous brine pools, Atlantis II and Discovery, were discovered in the 1960s and since then, these brine pools have been the focus of geological and geochemical surveys in the Red Sea4567. A number of geological questions have been raised, including questions about the relationship between the two brine pools.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autotrophic Microbe Metagenomes and Metabolic Pathways Differentiate Adjacent Red Sea Brine Pools

Wang

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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In the Red Sea, two neighboring deep-sea brine pools, Atlantis II and Discovery, have been studied extensively, and the results have shown that the temperature and concentrations of metal and methane in Atlantis II have increased over the past decades. Therefore, we investigated changes in the microbial community and metabolic pathways. Here, we compared the metagenomes of the two pools to each other and to those of deep-sea water samples. Archaea were generally absent in the Atlantis II metagenome; Bacteria in the metagenome were typically heterotrophic and depended on aromatic compounds and other extracellular organic carbon compounds as indicated by enrichment of the related metabolic pathways. In contrast, autotrophic Archaea capable of CO2 fixation and methane oxidation were identified in Discovery but not in Atlantis II. Our results suggest that hydrothermal conditions and metal precipitation in the Atlantis II pool have resulted in elimination of the autotrophic community and methanogens.

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Hot brines and recent iron deposits in deeps of the Red Sea

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Halophilic Microorganisms and their Environments

Halophilic Microorganisms and their Environments

Unique Prokaryotic Consortia in Geochemically Distinct Sediments from Red Sea Atlantis II and Discovery Deep Brine Pools

Autotrophic Microbe Metagenomes and Metabolic Pathways Differentiate Adjacent Red Sea Brine Pools

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