Hosting capacity in distribution grids: A review of definitions, performance indices, determination methodologies, and enhancement techniques

Abstract

For the past few years, the world has seen a great shift toward renewable energy resources from conventional ones. But the ever‐increasing integration of distributed generation (DG) to the electrical network leads to integration limiting constraints like overvoltage, under voltage, harmonics, equipment ampacity violations, and failure of protection schemes. Therefore, an extensive investigation of the methodologies in which DGs can be incorporated into the electrical network is presented in this manuscript. This article provides an extensive review of all the hosting capacity (HC) terms, references, limiting constraints of the studied networks, geographical segregation, and their determination methodologies. Moreover, the factors defining the HCs of various networks and the architectures employed to increase them, are also explained briefly in the conducted review study.

Harmonics management and hosting capacity enhancement: Optimal double-resistor damped double-tuned power filter with artificial hummingbird optimization

“…Researchers like Yuan J. et al [11] and Qamar N. et al [12] have investigated the factors that influence HC in power systems. Their study highlighted the impact of voltage limits, thermal limits, and power flow constraints on the HC of distribution networks.…”

“…The authors in [11] determined the maximum HC of photovoltaic (PV) systems in electric grids considering some performance and operating power network indices like the optimal power flow, the network standard voltage limits, the network thermal and ampacity limits, and the power factor limits. The authors in [12] stated the aforementioned performance and operating constraints as in [11] and extended the limiting factors of the HC to voltage imbalance, voltage flicker and harmonics.…”

“…According to [2], The assessment of HC is subject to uncertainty, primarily due to the unknown locations of DGs, their various unit ratings, their intermittent nature due to the changing weather conditions, and load profile variations. According to [12], there are various HC determination approaches such as the deterministic approach, the stochastic approach, the time series approach, the worst-case hour approach, and the stochastic time series approach. The main difference between these approaches is the consideration of uncertainty factors, the intermittent operation of DGs, and other practical uncertainty and limiting factors.…”

“…In the context of [12], the primary aim was to effectively manage the dynamic fluctuations in voltage within DG-integrated systems. To enhance voltage regulation in both stable and changing conditions, an adaptable controller is suggested for STATCOMs used within lowvoltage (LV) grids.…”

“…According to [12], the HC enhancement techniques in the literature can be categorized into the following different categories: OLTC transformer employment, curtailment of dispersed generation resources, optimized PV deployment, active power control, reactive power control, network reconfiguration, the use of battery energy storage system, and harmonic mitigation.…”