Hostility, Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, and Mortality

Shekelle, Richard B.; Gale, M.; Ostfeld, Adrian M.; Paul, Oglesby

doi:10.1097/00006842-198305000-00003

Cited by 557 publications

(284 citation statements)

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“…The test/retest reliability of the Ho was 0.84 over 4 years in a sample of 1653 men. 25 The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item instrument designed to measure the symptoms of depression in both adolescents and adults. The BDI measures severity of cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression and includes items that describe manifestations of depression in relation to general life satisfaction, relations with others, appetite, sleep, and libido.…”

Section: Psychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Lowering Medication Use and Aggression Scores in Women: A Report from the NHLBI-Sponsored WISE Study

Olson

Kelsey

Matthews

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

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Aim-The aim of this study was to examine the association between the use of lipid-lowering medication and aggressive responding, hostility, cynicism, and depression scores in women undergoing coronary angiography.Methods-The cohort included 498 women from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. WISE is a four-center study of women with chest pain who underwent quantitative coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia. The psychosocial indices included the Cook Medley Hostility questionnaire, measuring aggression, hostility, and cynicism, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).Results-Compared to those not on lipid-lowering medication, women receiving lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy were older (62 vs. 55 years, p < 0.001) and had more hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and coronary artery disease (CAD, defined as ≥50% stenoses in at least one epicardial artery) (all p < 0.003). Women on lipid-lowering medication had higher aggressive responding scores than those not on medication, 3.0 ± 1.8 vs. 2.7 ± 1.7, respectively (age-adjusted p < 0.003). This association persisted after adjustment for coronary risk factors, education, and extent of angiographic disease (CAD) (p < 0.005), and after exclusion of women using psychotropic medications (p < 0.001). Hostility, cynicism, and depression scores did not differ by medication use.Conclusions-In women, lipid-lowering medication may predispose to aggression without affecting hostility or mood, but this hypothesis requires evaluation in placebo-controlled clinical trials.

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Section: Psychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Lowering Medication Use and Aggression Scores in Women: A Report from the NHLBI-Sponsored WISE Study

Olson

Kelsey

Matthews

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Hostility also has been linked to the severity of ooronary atherosolerosis (Williams, Haney, Lee, Kong, Blumenthal, & Whalen, 1980;Shekelle, Gale, Ostfeld, & Paul, 1983;Barefoot, Dahlstrin & Williams, 1983), although the differentiation between anger and hostility in the literature seldom has been clear. Cook & Medley (1954) (1979) found that men who scored high in denial, compared to those low in denial, showed marginally greater heart rate, increased spontaneous skin resistance and significantly greater frontalis region EMG.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spielberger has described state anger as "an emotional state or condition that consists of subjective feelings of tension, annoyance, irritation, fury and rage, with concomitant activation or arousal of the autonomic nervous system" (Spielberger, 1988, The Cook-Medley Hostility (HO) Scale (Cook & Medley, 1954), a 50 item hostility inventory, has also been found frequently to be associated with coronary heart disease outcomes (e.g., Barefoot, Dahlstrom, & Williams, 1983, Williams et al, 1980Williams et al, 1985;Shekelle et al, 1983). It will also be utilized in an attempt to assess whether the factors it measures are similar to or different from those of the STAXI.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Reactivity 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and denial as predictors of cardiovascular reactivity in women

Emerson

Harrison

1990

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Behavioral and physiological reactivity, and its relationship to cardiovascular disease has been studied in men for a number of years, and the expression of anger has been identified as a possible contributing factor. Few studies, however, have focused specifically on the reactivity of women, and those which have suggest that women are less reactive to laboratory tasks than men. For the present study, 45 undergraduate women, ages 19-21 were selected from a larger sample of 135 women to represent three discrete groups: (1) low anger/low denial, (2) high anger/low denial, and (3) low anger/high denial, based on their scores on the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, 1 and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. It was hypothesized that the three groups would show reliable differences in heart rate and blood pressure during presentation of a stressful laboratory stimulus, the Stroop Color and Word Test. Each subject received three counterbalanced conditions: (1) no feedback, (2) error feedback without observer present, (3) error feedback with observer present. As hypothesized, women who reported a high level of denial and a low level of anger exhibited reliably greater systolic blood pressure to the no-feedback condition than subjects who reported low levels of denial and anger. The hypothesis that all groups°w ould display greater reactivity in a condition which T provided error feedback with observation was not supported. (Eliot, Buell & Dembroski, 1982;Obrist, 1981). The reasons for this are still somewhat unclear.Investigations of the etiology and effects of hyperreactivity have followed three independent, yet seemingly related, lines of research. As early as 1911, Walter Cannon addressed the association between anger and the neuroendocrine mediation of the "fight-flight" response, the physiological reactivity associated with the mobilization of energy. Much later, in the early 1950's, investigators studying the relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and hypertension found that Cardiovascular Reactivity 1 compared to normotensives, hypertensive individuals manifested larger systolic blood pressure increases to stimuli which elicited both pain and anger (Schacter, 1957).Concurrently, other researchers utilized a harrassment paradigm with men to study the effects of psychological stress on hypertension. They found that individuals could be grouped according to whether or not they expressed their feelings (especially those of anger and anxiety), and that these groups evidenced differential degrees of reactivity in blood pressure and heart rate (Funkenstein, King, & Drolette, 1954).A third line of investigation focused on coronary heart disease. Friedman and Rosenman (1961) (1982), Contrada (1984), and. A 1 portion of this data will be discussed here. (Glass, 1983;Eliot, 1979;Haft, 1974; Raab, Chaplin, & Bajusc, 1989; Ardlie, Glew, & Schwartz, 1968). These effects have been observed in animals (Manuck, Kaplan, & Clarkson, 1983a;1985a) and also in acute and chronic studies of humans (Franke...

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“…Compliance data for use of the DABS in this sample has been documented in a recent report (Kamarck et al, 2007). Paul, 1983). Sample items include "It is safer to trust nobody" and "Most people inwardly dislike putting themselves out to help others.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hostility moderates the effects of social support and intimacy on blood pressure in daily social interactions.

2008

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Objective-This study sought to determine the role of hostility in moderating the effects of positive social interactions on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP).Design-Participants (341 adults) completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and underwent ABP monitoring, assessed every 45 min during waking hours across 6 days. An electronic diary measuring mood and social interactions was completed at each ABP assessment.Main Outcome Measures-The dependent variables from the ABP monitor included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate.Results-Different patterns of ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (ADBP) responding to social interactions perceived as intimate or supportive among high-versus low-hostile individuals were observed. Higher intimacy ratings were linked to reductions in ADBP among low-hostile but not high-hostile individuals. Conversely, high-hostile, but not low-hostile, individuals showed increases in ADBP to situations rated high in social support. Although findings for ambulatory systolic blood pressure were nonsignificant, the pattern of results was similar to ADBP.Conclusion-Hostile individuals may find offers of support stressful and may fail to benefit from intimacy during daily life. The pathogenic effects of hostility may be mediated in part by responses to social interactions, both positive and negative.Keywords ambulatory blood pressure; hostility; social support; intimacy; ecological momentary assessment Trait hostility and social isolation, or lack of social support, have been identified as correlates of coronary heart disease risk (Rozanski, Blumenthal, & Kaplan, 1999). Interpersonal models designed to explain the relationship between hostility and coronary heart disease risk posit that these two characteristics may be interrelated, such that hostile individuals may promote social conflict and may be mistrustful of others' supportive efforts (e.g., Smith, Glazer, Ruiz, & Gallo, 2004). Indeed, evidence has suggested that trait hostility and low social support tend to cooccur and may predict disease outcome synergistically (e.g., Scherwitz, Perkins, Chesney, & Hughes, 1991). Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological AssociationCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Elizabeth J. Vella, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Maine, 514 Science Building, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104. evella@usm.maine.edu. Elizabeth J. Vella is now at the University of Southern Maine, Portland.Some of these data were presented at the 28th annual meeting for the Society of Behavioral Medicine held in March 2007 in Washington, DC. Saul Shiffman is cofounder and chief science officer of Invivodata, Inc., which provides electronic diary methods like those reported here for use in clinical trials. Hostile individuals have been found to exhibit exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to interpersonal provocation relative to their nonhostile counterparts (e.g., Davis, Matthews, & McGrath, 2000). To the extent that these responses are frequent an...

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Hostility, Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, and Mortality

Cited by 557 publications

References 0 publications

Lipid-Lowering Medication Use and Aggression Scores in Women: A Report from the NHLBI-Sponsored WISE Study

Lipid-Lowering Medication Use and Aggression Scores in Women: A Report from the NHLBI-Sponsored WISE Study

Anger and denial as predictors of cardiovascular reactivity in women

Hostility moderates the effects of social support and intimacy on blood pressure in daily social interactions.

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