Hostility Factors and Clinical Improvement in Depressed Patients

Friedman, Alfred S.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750060044005

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The downswing into depression is probably not a matter of the person "turning" his anger "inward." In one study of this issue, clinically depressed patients expressed more resentment than nonpatients, and both their resentment and their verbal hostility decreased as the depression lifted (Friedman, 1970). When not depressed, the depression-prone members of this sample responded with less verbal hostility than the matched controls.…”

Section: Downswing Into Depressionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives.

Klinger

1975

Psychological Review

882

595

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Behavior and experience are organized around the enjoyment and pursuit of incentives. During the time that an incentive is behaviorally salient, an organism is especially responsive to incentive-related cues. This sustained sensitivity requires postulating a continuing state (denoted by a construct, current concern) with a definite onset (commitment) and offset (consummation or disengagement).Disengagement follows frustration, accompanies the behavioral process of extinction, and involves an incentivedisengagement cycle of invigoration, aggression, depression, and recovery. Depression is thus a normal part of disengagement that may be either adaptive or maladaptive for the individual but is probably adaptive for the species. The theory offers implications for motivation; etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of depression; drug use; and other social problem areas.

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Section: Downswing Into Depressionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives.

Klinger

1975

Psychological Review

882

595

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“…Theoretical suggestion and empirical research has established a connection between depression and direction of hostility (Fernando, 1977; Gershon, Crommer & Klerman, 1968; Friedman, 1970; Weissman & Paykel, 1974). More recently, researchers have shown an interest in the temporal relationship between these two phenomena (Blackburn, Lyketsos & Tsiantis, 1979).…”

Section: Text Begins Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Hostility in Self‐Mutilation

Bennum¹,

Phil²

1983

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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The presence of depression and hostility among self-mutilating patients is investigated. Mutilators, depressives and controls comprised the research samples. Non-significant differences in intropunitive hostility and depression were found between the clinical groups. Specific item differences in the depression assessment indicated a definite qualitative rather than quantitative difference in depressive symptomatology between the clinical groups. The interaction between hostility and depression and the implications for management based on these results is discussed.

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“…However, studies devoted to the assessment of hostility in depressed patients have yielded problematic results (Gershon et al, 1968;Friedman, 1970;Weissman et al, 1971;Pilowsky and Spence, 1975). When patients were investi gated in different phases of illness it was found that hostility decreased during the patients' recoveries (Friedman, 1970) or that the outward expression of hostility did not correlate with improvement as regards depression (Klerman and Gershon, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Self-Assessment of Personality Characteristics in Depressed Patients, with Special Reference to Aspects of Aggression

Perris¹,

Eisemann²,

Eriksson³

et al. 1979

Psychopathology

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30 in-patients, 14 male and 16 female, aged 24–69 years (mean age 47.1 ± 2.7) suffering from a moderately severe or severe depressive syndrome completed a new personality inventory, the KSP, on two separate occasions. The first-when they were depressed and had just been admitted to the hospital, the second when they were at home and in their customary situation. On the same test occasions the severity of their psycho-pathology was rated by means of the CPRS. A significant improvement in CPRS rating was ascertained on the second test occasion. In contrast only small changes occurred in the subscales of the KSP. The score referring to ‘psychic anxiety’ and to ‘somatic anxiety’ decreased slightly but significantly (p < 0.05). The scores referring to ‘social desirability’ also showed a significant (p < 0.01) slight decrease. Of particular note is that no significant differences were found in the 6 KSP subscales concerned with aspects of aggression, or in the factors which can be obtained from these subscales. Our findings amongst this population of non-psychotic depressed patients do not support the assumption that changes in the direction of agression occur during depression.

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Hostility Factors and Clinical Improvement in Depressed Patients

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives.

Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives.

Depression and Hostility in Self‐Mutilation

Variations in Self-Assessment of Personality Characteristics in Depressed Patients, with Special Reference to Aspects of Aggression

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